{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T01:22:27Z","timestamp":1792891347858,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to assess factors associated with the frequency of self\u2010reported prescription opioid use in persons with migraine, including demographic variables, comorbidities, headache characteristics, and patterns of consultation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the dose\u2010dependent effect of opioids on migraine progression and the association with negative outcomes, migraine treatment often includes opioids. The Migraine in America Symptoms and Treatment Study focuses on individuals with migraine who receive prescription acute medications, including those receiving and those not receiving opioids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This web\u2010based panel survey identified people in the United States with migraine using a validated screener. This analysis stratified people with migraine into 4 groups based on days of monthly opioid use: non\u2010opioid users, \u22643\u00a0days, 4\u20129\u00a0days, and \u226510\u00a0days per month.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 15,133 respondents with migraine, 4701 (31%) reported acute prescription medication use for headache\/migraine in the previous 3\u00a0months (mean age 45\u00a0years, 71.6% [3367\/4701] female), of whom 32.5% (1528\/4701) reported opioid use. About one\u2010third of respondents with primary care or neurology consults in the prior 6\u00a0months reported receiving an opioid, and more than half of respondents (209\/391, 53.5%) with a pain clinic consultation did so. Models compared those using opioids \u22643\u00a0days\/month (879\/4701, 18.7%), 4\u20129\u00a0days\/month (304\/4701, 6.5%), \u226510\u00a0days\/month (345\/4701, 7.3%) to non\u2010opioid users (3173\/4701, 67.5%). Compared to non\u2010opioid users, infrequent users (\u22643\u00a0days\/month) were more likely to be male and less likely to have chronic migraine or to screen positive for anxiety and depression; and frequent opioid users (the 4\u20129\u00a0days\/month and the \u226510\u00a0days\/month groups) were more likely to be male, to smoke, to be obese, to report greater pain interference, to have moderate to severe disability, to have symptoms of anxiety and depression, to use fewer triptans and nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs, and to have poor acute treatment optimization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among prescription medication users, this cross\u2010sectional analysis shows that increasing use of prescription opioids is associated with male gender, chronic migraine, more severe disability, anxiety and depression, poor acute treatment optimization, and treatment in a pain clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T15:23:33Z","timestamp":1608218613000},"page":"103-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Burden of increasing opioid use in the treatment of migraine: Results from the Migraine in America Symptoms and Treatment Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Lipton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and the Montefiore Headache Center Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn C.","family":"Buse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of 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