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Characterization of the etiology and clinical features of possible symptomatic migraine is of significant clinical importance and further may help elucidate the pathophysiology of migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We devised operational diagnostic criteria for \u201csymptomatic migraine\u201d and \u201cpossible symptomatic migraine\u201d requiring strong evidence for a causal relation between underlying cause and migraine symptoms adhering strictly to diagnostic criteria. PubMed was searched for case reports of symptomatic migraine from inception to March 2020. Only articles published in English or German were included. No restrictions were placed on study design. Relevant references in the articles were also included. Papers were systematically reviewed by two independent reviewers for detailed clinical features of migraine as well as the proposed underlying conditions and the effects of treatment of these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our search retrieved 1726 items. After screening, 109 papers comprising 504 cases were reviewed in detail. Eleven patients with migraine with aura (MWA) fulfilled our working criteria for symptomatic migraine, and 39 patients fulfilled our criteria for possible symptomatic migraine. The most common etiologies of symptomatic migraine were arteriovenous malformations, carotid stenosis, dissection or aneurysm, brain infarctions, meningioma, and various intra\u2010axial tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Symptomatic MWA, indistinguishable from idiopathic MWA, may occur due to cortical lesions or microembolization. We found no clear evidence supporting the existence of symptomatic migraine without aura although we did identify possible cases. Our findings are limited by the available literature, and we suggest that prospective studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T01:30:42Z","timestamp":1626139842000},"page":"1180-1193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Symptomatic migraine: A systematic review to establish a clinically important diagnostic entity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6079-3263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas Vinther","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Center Department of Neurology Rigshospitalet Glostrup Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Glostrup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten 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