{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:38:12Z","timestamp":1791934692125,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study is to characterize the effects of the sleep\u2010wake cycle on neurovascular and behavioral characteristics of cortical spreading depression (CSD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is an important bi\u2010directional relationship between migraine and the sleep\u2013wake cycle, but the basic mechanisms of this relationship are poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have developed a minimally invasive microchip system to continuously monitor cerebral blood volume (CBV) with optical intrinsic signal (OIS), head movement, and multiple other physiological and behavioral parameters in freely behaving mice over weeks. Behavior is also monitored with simultaneous video recording. This system can also be used to intermittently trigger and record CSD and accompanying neurovascular and behavioral responses. CSD was triggered optically in different stages of the sleep\u2013wake cycle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The optical stimulus threshold to trigger CSD was significantly higher in the wake state compared to sleep (stimulation duration\u00a0=\u00a016.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.7\u00a0s vs. 10.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.8\u00a0s,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.037,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a06\u00a0mice). CSD evoked in the wake versus sleep state produced changes in CBV that were smaller (largest relative change \u20134.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.0% \u2206OIS vs. \u201314.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.5% \u2206OIS,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001) and shorter in duration (33:22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06:37 vs. 49:42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08:05\u00a0min:s,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.012,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a06\u00a0mice). The threshold for CSD and kinetics of associated CBV changes were correlated with the time since falling asleep or awakening (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a047 CSDs in 6\u00a0mice). CSD triggered in the wake state was associated with a transient freezing behavior. CSD triggered during sleep typically caused a transient awakening and behavioral response. This was followed by a return to sleep until recovery from the sustained phase of decreased CBV that occurred 30\u201360\u00a0min later, at which time there was consistent awakening with behaviors similar to those that occurred at CSD onset. CSD triggered in the wake state evoked a transient decrease in heart rate (from 11.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8 to 9.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8\u00a0Hz,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05), whereas when triggered in the sleep state there was a transient increase in HR (from 7.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0Hz to 9.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.1\u00a0Hz,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.016,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sleep\u2013wake cycle has significant effects on CSD that may have relevance to the clinical presentations of migraine and brain injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T05:36:08Z","timestamp":1650864968000},"page":"577-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Different characteristics of cortical spreading depression in the sleep and wake states"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4490-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitri","family":"Yousef Yengej","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los\u00a0Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1779-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinifunanya E.","family":"Nwaobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los\u00a0Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8603-0061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Ferando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2104-6481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gayane","family":"Kechechyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California, San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3379-054X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los\u00a0Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1339-7698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido C.","family":"Faas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los\u00a0Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Preferential occurrence of attacks during night sleep and\/or upon awakening negatively affects migraine clinical presentation","volume":"30","author":"Gori S","year":"2015","journal-title":"Funct 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