{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:09Z","timestamp":1787014269052,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dysfunctional sensory processing is described in migraine. This study aimed to evaluate visual perception in patients with migraine without aura using the visual temporal discrimination (VTD) test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 45 participants were enrolled in this prospective exploratory study. In all, 15 patients had migraine without aura and 15 healthy volunteers were analyzed in the study. The VTD threshold (VTDT) was measured using light\u2010emitting diode lights to perceive two separate visual stimuli as clearly distinct. VTD was tested during the attack and the interictal period. The disease duration, attack side, visual analog scale for pain, accompanying symptoms, and allodynia were recorded during the attack.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The VTDT of each visual field in both attack (mean [SD] 102.3\u00a0[38.4]\u00a0ms for the right visual field and 106.3\u00a0[52.2]\u00a0ms for the left) and the interictal periods (mean [SD] 75.2\u00a0[27.9]\u00a0ms for the right and 78.2\u00a0[27.9]\u00a0ms for the left) were significantly higher than in the control group (mean [SD] 45.3\u00a0[9.9]\u00a0ms for the right and 48.2\u00a0[11.9]\u00a0ms for the left) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively). The ipsilateral threshold during the attack was significantly prolonged compared to the interictal period (mean [SD] 143.8\u00a0[53.8] vs. 78\u00a0[19.6]\u00a0ms,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.025) and the contralateral threshold during the attack (mean [SD] 143.8\u00a0[53.8] vs. 71.9\u00a0[14.1]\u00a0ms,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.025). The ipsilateral threshold was significantly correlated with the visual analog score (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.894,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and frequency of the attacks (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.696,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004), but not correlated with photophobia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VTDTs are prolonged both ictally and interictally in patients with migraine without aura attacks. Ipsilateral threshold prolongation is more pronounced during lateralized migraine attacks. The results suggest dysfunctional visual perception is not limited to the migraine attack period, and a defective sensory processing\/modulation in the visual pathways may involve the superior colliculus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T07:45:28Z","timestamp":1674805528000},"page":"202-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Visual temporal discrimination is impaired in patients with migraine without aura"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Ba\u015far\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Algology Gazi University Faculty of Medicine  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00fcrrem Evren","family":"Boran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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