{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:17:51Z","timestamp":1790399871120,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the relationship between weather and headache occurrence using big data from an electronic headache diary smartphone application with recent statistical and deep learning (DL)\u2010based methods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The relationship between weather and headache occurrence remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n From a database of 1\u2009million users, data from 4375 users with 336,951 hourly headache events and weather data from December 2020 to November 2021 were analyzed. We developed statistical and DL\u2010based models to predict the number of hourly headache occurrences mainly from weather factors. Temporal validation was performed using data from December 2019 to November 2020. Apart from the user dataset used in this model development, the physician\u2010diagnosed headache prevalence was gathered.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the 40,617 respondents, 15,127\/40,617 (37.2%) users experienced physician\u2010diagnosed migraine, and 2458\/40,617 (6.1%) users had physician\u2010diagnosed non\u2010migraine headaches. The mean (standard deviation) age of the 4375 filtered users was 34\u00a0(11.2)\u00a0years, and 89.2% were female (3902\/4375). Lower barometric pressure (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, gain\u00a0=\u00a03.9), higher humidity (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, gain\u00a0=\u00a07.1), more rainfall (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, gain\u00a0=\u00a03.1), a significant decrease in barometric pressure 6\u2009h before (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, gain\u00a0=\u00a011.7), higher barometric pressure at 6:00\u2009a.m. on the day (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, gain\u00a0=\u00a04.6), lower barometric pressure on the next day (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, gain\u00a0=\u00a06.7), and raw time\u2010series barometric type I (remaining low around headache attack,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, gain\u00a0=\u00a010.1) and type II (decreasing around headache attack,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, gain\u00a0=\u00a010.1) changes over 6\u2009days, were significantly associated with headache occurrences in both the statistical and DL\u2010based models. For temporal validation, the root mean squared error (RMSE) was 13.4, and the determination coefficient (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) was 52.9% for the statistical model. The RMSE was 10.2, and the\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n was 53.7% for the DL\u2010based model.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Using big data, we found that low barometric pressure, barometric pressure changes, higher humidity, and rainfall were associated with an increased number of headache occurrences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T12:04:52Z","timestamp":1677585892000},"page":"585-600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Investigating the effects of weather on headache occurrence using a smartphone application and artificial intelligence: A\u00a0retrospective observational cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahito","family":"Katsuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Itoigawa General Hospital Itoigawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1950-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muneto","family":"Tatsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Center and Medical Safety Management Center Dokkyo Medical University Mibu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhito","family":"Kimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Nanao Hospital Nanao Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashige","family":"Iiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BellSystem24, Inc. Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Tajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BellSystem24, Inc. Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Munakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BellSystem24, Inc. Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taihei","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BellSystem24, Inc. Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9146-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomokazu","family":"Shimazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Saitama Neuropsychiatric Institute Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00305-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05831-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.1700"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1822180\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1592-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-014-0859-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410385580"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000344152.56020.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.446008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02184436"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1981.hed2103102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01804622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.5640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5798-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2014.12.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-012-0582-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12888"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.01018.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"824","article-title":"Migraine, as compared to other headaches, is worse during midnight\u2010sun summer than during polar night. 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