{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:21:59Z","timestamp":1787728919097,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008358","name":"Hersenstichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HA2017.01.05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HA2017.01.05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["849200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["849200007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n In this prospective cohort study, characteristics of perimenstrual and non\u2010perimenstrual migraine attacks in women were compared with migraine attacks in men.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Women report longer migraine attacks and more accompanying symptoms than men in cross\u2010sectional questionnaire studies, but this has not been confirmed in longitudinal studies. Supposed differences could result from different characteristics specific to perimenstrual migraine attacks, or of attacks in women in general.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This cohort study was performed among patients with migraine who were treated at the Leiden Headache Clinic. We assessed differences in migraine attack characteristics between men and women who were prospectively followed by a previously validated electronic headache diary. The primary outcome was \u201cattack\u201d duration. Differences between perimenstrual (Days \u22122 to +3 of the menstrual cycle) and non\u2010perimenstrual attacks in women versus attacks in men were corrected for age, chronic migraine, and medication overuse headache.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 1347 women and 284 men were included, reflecting the preponderance of women in migraine prevalence. Crude median (first and third quartile [Q1\u2212Q3]) attack duration in men was 32.1 [17.7\u201353.6] h, compared to 36.7 [21.9\u201362.4] h for non\u2010perimenstrual migraine attacks and 44.4 [17.9\u201379.0] h for perimenstrual migraine attacks in women. After correction for confounding, perimenstrual migraine attacks were 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47\u20131.79;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and non\u2010perimenstrual 1.15\u00a0(95% CI 1.05\u20131.25;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.003) times longer compared to migraine attacks in men. The mean relapse percentage in men was 9.2%, compared to 12.6% for non\u2010perimenstrual migraine attacks, and 15.7% for perimenstrual migraine attacks. Relapse risk was greater for perimenstrual (odds ratio [OR] 2.39, 95% CI 1.93\u20132.95;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), but not for non\u2010perimenstrual (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.97\u20131.45;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.060) attacks. Migraine attacks in women were more often accompanied by photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea, but less often aura.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Compared to attacks in men, both perimenstrual and non\u2010perimenstrual migraine attacks are of longer duration and are more often accompanied by associated symptoms. A sex\u2010specific approach to migraine treatment and research is needed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T02:55:36Z","timestamp":1679367336000},"page":"333-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Sex differences in migraine attack characteristics: A longitudinal E\u2010diary study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris E.","family":"Verhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britt W. H.","family":"van der Arend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne S.","family":"van Casteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"le Cessie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"MaassenVanDenBrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela M.","family":"Terwindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.3.537","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of migraine in a population\u2010based cohort: the GEM study","volume":"53","author":"Launer LJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.93","article-title":"Chronic migraine: risk factors, mechanisms and treatment","volume":"12","author":"May A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev 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