{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:41:43Z","timestamp":1780555303327,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006259","name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe differences in clinical and demographic characteristics between patients with episodic migraine (EM) or chronic migraine (CM) and determine the effect of migraine subtype on patient\u2010reported outcome measures (PROM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prior studies have characterized migraine in the general population. While this provides a basis for our understanding of migraine, we have less insight into the characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes of migraine patients who present to subspecialty headache clinics. These patients represent a subset of the population that bears the greatest burden of migraine disability and are more representative of migraine patients who seek medical care. Valuable insights can be gained from a better understanding of CM and EM in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of patients with CM or EM seen in the Cleveland Clinic Headache Center between January 2012 and June 2017. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and patient\u2010reported outcome measures (3\u2010Level European Quality of Life 5\u2010Dimension [EQ\u20105D\u20103L], Headache Impact Test\u20106 [HIT\u20106], Patient Health Questionnaire\u20109 [PHQ\u20109]) were compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven thousand thirty\u2010seven patients who had 29,032 visits were included. More CM patients reported being on disability 517\/3652 (14.2%) than EM patients 249\/4881 (5.1%) and had significantly worse mean HIT\u20106 (67.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4 vs. 63.1\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and median [interquartile range] EQ\u20105D\u20103L (0.77 [0.44\u20130.82] vs. 0.83 [0.77\u20131.00],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and PHQ\u20109 (10 [6\u201316] vs. 5 [2\u201310],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are multiple differences in demographic characteristics and comorbid conditions between patients with CM and EM. After adjustment for these factors, CM patients had higher PHQ\u20109 scores, lower quality of life scores, greater disability, and greater work restrictions\/unemployment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T07:49:41Z","timestamp":1686728981000},"page":"908-916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical characteristics and patient\u2010reported outcomes of chronic and episodic migraine patients at a US tertiary headache center: A retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7580-7453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zubair","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Section, Center for Neurologic Restoration, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Honomichl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teva Pharmaceuticals  Parsippany New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&amp;D, Inc.  West Chester Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Lapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda L.","family":"Udeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Population Health Research Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Ramirez\u00a0Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&amp;D, Inc.  West Chester Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda J.","family":"Krasenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&amp;D, Inc.  West Chester Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene L.","family":"Katzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2009.01941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2001.00294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00293-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.2.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414552532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410381145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252808.97649.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13407"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.041007646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480010072027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1068-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.00969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"683","article-title":"The knowledge program: an innovative, comprehensive electronic data capture system and warehouse","volume":"2011","author":"Katzan I","year":"2011","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182493.57090.c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-009-9496-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-017-0541-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026119331193"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410379890"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01544.x"}],"container-title":["Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.14527","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:00:18Z","timestamp":1762081218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/head.14527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/head.14527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14527","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-8748","1526-4610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-8748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}