{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:35:31Z","timestamp":1790796931685,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effectiveness and safety of galcanezumab, fremanezumab, and erenumab for the treatment of chronic and episodic migraine, through real\u2010world data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the calcitonin gene\u2013related peptide (CGRP) pathway have been tested extensively in several clinical trials for both episodic and chronic migraine, showing high effectiveness, safety, and tolerability; however, there are no prospective real\u2010world studies intending to compare their efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a prospective observational cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety profiles of galcanezumab, fremanezumab, and erenumab for the treatment of chronic and episodic migraine. We enrolled 140 patients at the Headache Centre of University Federico II of Naples, with a history of multiple failed treatments with validated migraine preventatives. Framenezumab, erenumab, or galcanezumab were administered for 12\u2009months. The mean monthly days with headache, Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score, and adverse events were evaluated during the run\u2010in period and every 3 months by reviewing standardized paper patient headache diaries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found a mean reduction of migraine monthly days from baseline of \u221212.0 (\u22129.8, \u221214.1) in the galcanezumab group, \u221212.3 (\u221210.2, \u221214.3) in the fremanezumab group, and\u2009\u221210.8 (\u22128.5, \u221213.1) in the erenumab group (for all,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). We found a mean reduction of MIDAS score of \u221232.6 (\u221226.6, \u221238.5) in the galcanezumab group, \u221233.4 (\u221228.0, \u221238.9) in the fremanezumab group, and\u2009\u221229.2 (\u221223.0, \u221235.4) in the erenumab group (for all,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). We found no significant differences between mAbs in the reduction of mean monthly days with headache and MIDAS score. We found a more rapid effect of galcanezumab and erenumab compared to fremanezumab in medication overuse headache patients after 3 months of treatment (\u221210.8 and\u2009\u221211.1 vs. \u22124.0\u2009days;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results confirm the therapeutic benefits of anti\u2010CGRP mAbs. There is no evidence that suggests that one antibody may be superior to the others in terms of effectiveness, both in chronic and episodic patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T03:04:25Z","timestamp":1685502265000},"page":"788-794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A head\u2010to\u2010head observational cohort study on the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene\u2013related peptide for chronic and episodic migraine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Sacc\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences University Federico II  Naples 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Odontostomatological Sciences University Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"De\u00a0Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences University Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0345-8319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia Valeria","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences University Federico II  Naples 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