{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:44:31Z","timestamp":1793947471601,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the efficacy of acceptance and mindfulness\u2010based interventions on migraine disability, medication use, and attack frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acceptance\u2010based approaches to headache management are those in which individuals learn to mitigate the influence of pain\u2010related experiences on their general functioning without controlling pain itself. Treatment approaches include acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness\u2010based practices. Both have shown promise in improving broad functioning and disability among individuals with headache. Despite a growing body of research examining acceptance\u2010based interventions for headache broadly and migraine specifically, no meta\u2010analytic review of ACT interventions for headache exists, and two meta\u2010analytic reviews of mindfulness\u2010based practices yielded conflicting results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study aimed to systematically and quantitatively review the literature related to the efficacy of acceptance\u2010based interventions among adults with migraine. A multi\u2010database search (PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) identified clinical trials among individuals with migraine that compared structured ACT or mindfulness\u2010based interventions to control treatment. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 meta\u2010analytic software, and standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) quantified effect sizes on outcomes of disability, medication use, and headache frequency. Heterogeneity was quantified via\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      index and explored via subgroup analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Acceptance\u2010based interventions yielded significant improvements in disability (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.38, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.56 to \u22120.20;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200925%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.20) but not in medication use (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.25, 95% CI: \u22120.57 to 0.06;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.82) or headache frequency (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.16, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.37 to 0.05;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.73).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that acceptance\u2010based interventions are effective in improving disability among adults with migraine and are a viable non\u2010pharmacological treatment option, in addition to well\u2010established behavioral migraine management approaches, for patients seeking functional improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  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