{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:28:20Z","timestamp":1785875300214,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the relative contribution of headache symptoms and psychological factors to headache\u2010related disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both headache symptoms and comorbid psychological factors (psychiatric symptoms and transdiagnostic constructs) negatively impact functioning among individuals with migraine and tension\u2010type headache, but few studies have explored their relative contribution to headache\u2010related disability. We hypothesized that psychiatric symptoms and transdiagnostic variables would afford incremental contribution to disability beyond headache symptoms, and we investigated the moderating role of headache diagnosis on these relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study examined data from a southern U.S. university online sample of 1818 young adults (mean [SD] age 19.0\u2009[5.1] years; 74.6% female) who met the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition criteria for primary headache disorders (46.6% episodic migraine, 11.6% chronic migraine, 38.3% episodic tension\u2010type headache, 3.5% chronic tension\u2010type headache) and completed measures assessing psychological factors and headache\u2010related disability. Headache, psychiatric symptoms, and transdiagnostic factors were examined in relation to headache\u2010related disability, after controlling for sex. Moderation analyses examined the conditional effect of diagnosis on disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As predicted, both psychiatric and transdiagnostic symptoms accounted for unique variance in headache\u2010related disability beyond headache symptoms (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      changes of 2.7% and 2.3%, respectively). Significant three\u2010way interactions revealed the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and disability (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22123.16,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), and between transdiagnostic variables and disability (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22122.37,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034). Tests of simple slopes showed greater psychiatric symptoms and transdiagnostic variables were associated with higher levels of disability. However, the associations of these variables with disability were strongest among individuals with chronic tension\u2010type headache (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.93 for psychiatric symptoms and\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094.62 for transdiagnostic symptoms, both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychiatric and transdiagnostic factors contribute uniquely to headache\u2010related functional impairment, which may be important for expanding targeted assessment and behavioral interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T15:47:24Z","timestamp":1696520844000},"page":"1259-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Headache and psychological variables as predictors of disability in individuals with primary headache disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Halle T.","family":"McCracken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Mississippi  University Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Mississippi  University Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2468-8597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd 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