{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T22:50:22Z","timestamp":1791759022492,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence regarding screen use as a contributing factor in pediatric headache and migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Screen exposure is often reported as a headache trigger, though there is no current consensus in terms of how screen type, duration, or frequency influences pediatric headache and the associated burden of disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ProQuest Health and Medical Database, and Google Scholar was performed through November 2022 in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA) statement. All English\u2010language articles of pediatric patients aged \u226418\u2009years evaluating screen use in relation to headache were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 48 studies were included. Nearly all studies were cross\u2010sectional and represented international samples. The strongest association between screen use and headache found was for duration of use, and computer use emerged as the most common device type related to headache. While there were mixed findings related to screen use and specific headache diagnosis, migraine appeared to confer a higher risk. Across studies, there were insufficient data to assess the impact of screen use on headache frequency or headache\u2010related disability. Several studies demonstrated changes in screen use and headache patterns related to the COVID\u201019 pandemic and computer vision syndrome was commonly reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While there is preliminary evidence supporting possible associations between screen use and pediatric headache, there are several limitations in the present review including a lack of prospective and randomized controlled trials to better demonstrate causal relationships as well as methodological limitations with significant variability in how both headache and screen use are defined and measured. Future studies including real\u2010time screen use and device monitoring are needed to better understand the influence of screen use behaviors on pediatric headache and to help further define best\u2010use guidelines around these technologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T06:20:21Z","timestamp":1706768421000},"page":"211-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Screen time and pediatric headache: A scoping review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Raquel L.","family":"Langdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's National Hospital  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc 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