{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:45:51Z","timestamp":1788367551041,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]],"date-time":"2024-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"AbbVie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate unmet needs among individuals with episodic migraine (EM) in the United States (US).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data are limited on the impact of headache frequency (HF) and preventive treatment failure (TF) on the burden of migraine in the US.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, cross\u2010sectional analysis of 2019 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) data was conducted from an opt\u2010in online survey that identified respondents (aged \u226518\u2009years) in the US with self\u2010reported physician\u2010diagnosed migraine. Participants were stratified by HF (low: 0\u20133\u2009days\/month; moderate\u2010to\u2010high: 4\u201314\u2009days\/month) and prior preventive TF (preventive naive; 0\u20131\u2009TF; \u22652\u2009TFs). Comparisons were conducted between preventive TF groups using multivariable regression models controlling for patient demographic and health characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among individuals with moderate\u2010to\u2010high frequency EM, the NHWS identified 397 with \u22652\u2009TFs, 334 with 0\u20131\u2009TF, and 356 as preventive naive. The 36\u2010item Short\u2010Form Health Survey (version 2) Physical Component Summary scores were significantly lower among those with \u22652\u2009TFs, at a mean (standard error [SE]) of 41.4\u2009[0.8] versus the preventive\u2010naive 46.8\u2009[0.9] and 0\u20131\u2009TF 44.5\u2009[0.9] groups;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both). Migraine Disability Assessment Scale scores were significantly higher in the \u22652\u2009TFs, at a mean (SE) of 37.7\u2009(3.9) versus preventive\u2010naive 26.8\u2009(2.9) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and 0\u20131\u2009TF 30.1\u2009(3.3) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) groups. The percentages of time that respondents experienced absenteeism (mean [SE] 21.6% [5.5%] vs. 13.4% [3.6%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022), presenteeism (mean [SE] 55.0% [8.3%] vs. 40.8% [6.5%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015), overall work impairment (mean [SE] 59.4% [5.6%] vs. 45.0% [4.4%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and activity impairment (mean [SE] 56.8% [1.0%] vs. 44.4% [0.9%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significantly higher in the \u22652\u2009TFs versus preventive\u2010naive group. Emergency department visits (preventive\u2010naive,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006; 0\u20131\u2009TF,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008) and hospitalizations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 both) in the past 6\u2009months were significantly higher in the \u22652\u2009TFs group. Direct and indirect costs were significantly higher in the \u22652\u2009TFs (mean [SE] $24,026 [3460]; $22,074 [20]) versus 0\u20131\u2009TF ($10,897 [1636]; $17,965 [17]) and preventive\u2010naive ($11,497 [1715]; $17,167 [17]) groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for all). Results were similar in the low\u2010frequency EM group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this NHWS analysis, individuals with more prior preventive TFs experienced significantly higher humanistic and economic burden regardless of HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T02:44:15Z","timestamp":1711334655000},"page":"361-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Impact of headache frequency and preventive treatment failure on quality of life, disability, and direct and indirect costs among individuals with episodic migraine in the United 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