{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:51:38Z","timestamp":1792176698924,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is an unusual disorder causing severe, brief pain episodes in the areas supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve. Initial treatment involves medications like carbamazepine, but if these are ineffective or cause side effects, interventional pain management techniques or surgery may be considered. Gamma Knife radiosurgery is becoming popular in managing GPN due to its lower risk of complications than surgical interventions like microvascular decompression or rhizotomy. In this retrospective case series, we examined the outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in eight patients with GPN. The decision to utilize Gamma Knife radiosurgery was made following specific criteria, including failed surgical interventions, patient preference against surgery, or contraindications to surgical procedures. Patients were administered radiation doses within the range of 80 to 90\u2009Gy, targeting either the cisternal glossopharyngeal nerve or glossopharyngeal meatus of the jugular foramen. Evaluations were conducted before the Gamma Knife radiosurgery; at 3, 6, and 12\u2009months after Gamma Knife radiosurgery; and annually thereafter. Pain severity was assessed using the modified Barrow Neurological Institute scale grades, with patients achieving grade I\u2013IIIa considered to have a good treatment outcome and grade IV\u2013V to have a poor treatment outcome. Pain control and absence of radiosurgery\u2010related complications were primary endpoints. The median age of the patients was 46.5\u2009years, varying from 8 to 72\u2009years. The median duration of pain was 32\u2009months (range, 12\u2013120\u2009months). All patients, except one, were on polydrug therapy. All cases exhibited preoperative grade V pain. The median follow\u2010up duration after Gamma Knife radiosurgery was 54.5\u2009months, varying from 14 to 90\u2009months. The overall clinical assessments revealed a gradual neurological improvement, particularly within the first 8.5\u2009weeks (range, 1\u201312\u2009weeks). The immediate outcomes at 3\u2009months revealed that all patients (8\/8, 100%) experienced pain relief, with 25% (2\/8) achieving a medication\u2010free status (Grade I). Three patients (37%) experienced a recurrence during the follow\u2010up and were managed with repeat Gamma Knife radiosurgery (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092) and radiofrequency rhizotomy (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091). At the last follow\u2010up, 88% (7\/8) of patients had pain relief (Grades I\u2013IIIa), with three (37%) achieving a medication\u2010free status (Grade I). No adverse events or neurological complications occurred. The patient who underwent radiofrequency rhizotomy continued to experience inadequately controlled pain despite medication (Grade IV). Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a non\u2010invasive, efficacious treatment option for idiopathic GPN, offering short\u2010 and long\u2010term relief without permanent complications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T08:47:19Z","timestamp":1708591639000},"page":"323-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long\u2010term outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8952-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yavuz","family":"Samanci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Ko\u00e7 University School of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"M\u00fcrd\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Bezmialem Vakif University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmut","family":"\u00c7il","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Bezmialem Vakif University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Haluk","family":"D\u00fczkalir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Ko\u00e7 University Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Orbay","family":"Askeroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Ko\u00e7 University Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selcuk","family":"Peker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Ko\u00e7 University School of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Shah RJ","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2909-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-023-01948-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.09.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The international classification of headache 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