{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:25Z","timestamp":1787014285408,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to explore the relationship between blood pituitary adenylate cyclase\u2010activating polypeptide (PACAP) levels and migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PACAP is involved in the onset of migraine, but the results from clinical studies on PACAP level variations across different periods of migraine are conflicting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched for observational studies that reported PACAP levels in people with migraine and non\u2010migraine controls published in English from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid electronic databases, or in Chinese from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and the WanFang Med database. The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The quality of evidence for each outcome was assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 514 identified studies, 8 were eligible for inclusion. There was a \u201cvery low\u201d level of evidence suggesting that the PACAP level is negatively correlated with migraine disease duration in adults with migraine (summary  = \u22120.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] \u22120.49 to \u22120.22) and that the PACAP is higher in people with migraine during the ictal period than in the interictal period (standardized mean difference\u2009=\u20090.41, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.66) for both adults and children with migraine. Adult patients with episodic migraine (weighted mean difference [WMD]\u2009=\u2009\u22129.58\u2009pg\/mL, 95% CI \u221213.41 to \u22125.75\u2009pg\/mL) or chronic migraine (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u221210.93\u2009pg\/mL, 95% CI \u221215.57 to \u22126.29\u2009pg\/mL) had lower blood PACAP levels than non\u2010migraine controls during the interictal period, supported by a \u201clow\u201d or \u201cvery low\u201d quality of evidence, respectively, according to the GRADE rules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a very low certainty of evidence suggesting that the PACAP level is negatively correlated with migraine disease duration of adults with migraine and it varies greatly among different periods of migraine of both adults and children with migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T02:39:19Z","timestamp":1714012759000},"page":"573-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Blood serum levels of PACAP and migraine onset: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0278-9493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoliang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University  Kunming P. R. China"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine Dali University  Dali P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5522-3154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanyi","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University  Kunming P. R. 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