{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:30:10Z","timestamp":1787599810059,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R345\u20102020\u20101977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R345\u20102020\u20101977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"AbbVie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine, a prevalent and debilitating disease, involves complex pathophysiology possibly including inflammation and heightened pain sensitivity. The current study utilized the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammation, with onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT\/A) as a treatment of interest due to its use in clinical migraine management. Using an animal model, the study sought to investigate the role of BoNT\/A in modulating CFA\u2010induced inflammation, alterations in pain sensitivity, and the regulation of calcitonin gene\u2013related peptide (CGRP) release. Further, we aimed to assess the changes in SNAP\u201025 through western blot analysis to gain insights into the mechanistic action of BoNT\/A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BoNT\/A or control was administered subcutaneously at the periorbital region of rats 3\u2009days before the induction of inflammation using CFA. Periorbital mechanical sensitivity was assessed post\u2010inflammation, and alterations in CGRP release were evaluated. Changes in SNAP\u201025 levels were determined using western blot analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Upon CFA\u2010induced inflammation, there was a marked increase in periorbital mechanical sensitivity, with the inflammation side showing increased sensitivity compared to other periorbital areas. BoNT\/A did decrease the withdrawal thresholds in the electronic von Frey test. Despite not being able to observe differences in pain thresholds or CGRP release, BoNT\/A reduced baseline release under CFA inflamed conditions. Analysis of SNAP\u201025 levels in the trigeminal ganglion revealed both intact and cleaved forms that were notably elevated in BoNT\/A\u2010treated animals. These findings, derived from western blot analysis, suggest an effect on neurotransmitter release.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our investigation highlights the role of BoNT\/A in reducing baseline CGRP in the context of inflammation and its involvement in SNAP\u201025 cleavage. In contrast, BoNT\/A did not appear to alter facial pain sensitivity induced by inflammation, suggesting that mechanisms other than baseline CGRP could be implicated in the elevated thresholds in the CFA model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T07:49:10Z","timestamp":1714722550000},"page":"652-662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The impact of the migraine treatment onabotulinumtoxinA on inflammatory and pain responses: Insights from an animal model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Philip Victor","family":"Reducha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensory Biology Unit, Translational Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology 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