{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:52Z","timestamp":1787014312609,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe treatment patterns and direct healthcare costs over 3\u2009years following initiation of standard of care acute and preventive migraine medications in patients with migraine in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are limited data on long\u2010term (&gt;1\u2009year) migraine treatments patterns and associated outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a retrospective, observational cohort study using US claims data from the IBM\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      MarketScan\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      Research Database (January 2010\u2013December 2017). Adults were included if they had a prescription claim for acute migraine treatments (AMT) or preventive migraine treatments (PMT) in the index period (January 2011\u2013December 2014). The AMT cohort was categorized as persistent, cycled, or added\u2010on subgroups; the PMT cohort was categorized PMT\u2010persistent, switched without gaps, or cycled with gaps. Migraine\u2010specific annual direct costs (2017 US$) across AMT and PMT cohort subgroups were summarized at baseline through 3\u2009years from index (follow\u2010up).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the index period, 20,778 and 42,259 patients initiated an AMT and a PMT, respectively. At the 3\u2010year follow\u2010up, migraine\u2010specific direct costs were lower in the persistent subgroup relative to the non\u2010persistent subgroups in both AMT (mean [SD]: $789 [$1741] vs. $2847 [$8149] in the added\u2010on subgroup and $862 [$5426] for the cycled subgroup) and PMT cohorts (mean [SD]: $1817 [$5892] in the persistent subgroup vs. $4257 [$11,392] in the switched without gaps subgroup and $3269 [$18,540] in the cycled with gaps subgroup). Acute medication overuse was lower in the persistent subgroup (1025\/6504 [27.2%]) vs. non\u2010persistent subgroups (11,236\/58,863 [32.2%] in cycled with gaps subgroup and 1431\/6504 [39.4%] in the switched without gaps subgroup). Most patients used multiple acute (19,717\/20,778 [94.9%]) or preventive (38,494\/42,259 [91.1%]) pharmacological therapies over 3\u2009years following treatment initiation. Gaps in preventive therapy were common; an average gap ranged from 85 to 211\u2009days (~3\u20137\u2009months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine\u2010specific annual healthcare costs and acute migraine medication overuse remained lowest among patients with persistent AMT and PMT versus non\u2010persistent treatment. Study findings are limited to the US population. Future studies should compare costs and associated outcomes between newer preventive migraine medications in patients with migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T01:35:40Z","timestamp":1718847340000},"page":"796-809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A 3\u2010year follow\u2010up study of outcomes associated with patterns of traditional acute and preventive migraine treatment: An administrative claims\u2010based cohort study in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Shivang","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Neuroscience Services  Westborough Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Spargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly 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