{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:38:04Z","timestamp":1790797084318,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed whether the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP) pathway changes according to the duration of chronic migraine (CM) over 12\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In most patients, CM is a progressive disease starting with episodic migraine. Longer CM duration might be associated with more difficult treatment, probably because the mechanisms underlying chronicization are strengthened. Therefore, early treatment of CM could lead to better outcomes compared with later treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study included individuals with CM treated with anti\u2010CGRP mAbs in two tertiary headache centers from April 2019 to May 2023. The primary outcome included a change in monthly migraine days (MMDs) from baseline to the third trimester of treatment, 10\u201312\u2009months. Secondary outcomes established whether response to anti\u2010CGRP mAbs has a more rapid onset in individuals with shorter CM duration compared with longer duration; they included change in MMDs, monthly headache days (MHDs), and days and number of intakes of acute medication during each trimester compared to baseline. Additional outcomes included persisting MMDs, MHDs, and days and number of intakes of acute medication during each trimester of treatment. Patients were compared across tertiles of the overall CM duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 335 individuals with CM, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 48\u2009(39\u201357)\u2009years; 270 (80.6%) were women. Patients in the highest tertile of CM duration (aged 18\u201360\u2009years) were older than patients in the lower duration tertiles (0\u20137\u2009years and 8\u201318\u2009years, respectively), with a median (IQR) age of 56\u2009(48\u201364)\u2009years compared with 42\u2009(31\u201350)\u2009years, and 48\u2009(39\u201356)years, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025); however, this difference was likely due to a correlation between age and disease duration. The change in MMDs from baseline to the last trimester of treatment (10\u201312\u2009months) was comparable across tertiles of CM duration (median [IQR] \u221212\u2009[\u221218 to \u22125]\u2009days, \u221212\u2009[\u221217 to \u22126]\u2009days, and \u221212\u2009[\u221218 to \u22124]\u2009days;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.946). No difference emerged in secondary outcomes, suggesting a similar time to onset of anti\u2010CGRP mAbs effect across all tertiles of CM duration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data showed that anti\u2010CGRP mAbs are effective and have a rapid onset of action in CM regardless of disease duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T08:39:55Z","timestamp":1721119195000},"page":"61-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of duration of chronic migraine on long\u2010term effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene\u2010related\n                    <scp>peptide<\/scp>\n                    pathway\u2014A real\u2010world study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9501-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Ornello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Baldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Onofri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Rosignoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8059-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"De Santis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Burgalassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences University of Florence  Florence Italy"},{"name":"Headache Center and Clinical Pharmacology Unit Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Chiarugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences University of Florence  Florence Italy"},{"name":"Headache Center and Clinical Pharmacology Unit Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierangelo","family":"Geppetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Dentistry New York University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi Francesco","family":"Iannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences University of Florence  Florence 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