{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:36:20Z","timestamp":1762083380022,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective\/Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Migraine is underdiagnosed. On average, medical students have approximately 3\u2009h of exposure to headache education throughout medical school training. Moreover, some medical students have racially\u2010based biases in pain. There is a paucity of underrepresented in medicine (UIM) headache practitioners. UIM practitioners are more likely to practice in underserved communities and provider\u2010patient ethnic concordance may help eliminate healthcare disparities. The Student National Medical Association (SNMA) is an organization committed to supporting current and future UIM medical students and addressing the needs of underserved communities. The goal of this project was to develop and deliver a brief Migraine Diagnosis and Disparities Undergraduate Medical Education Program (MD\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n UMEP) to increase awareness of migraine diagnosis and disparities in UIM medical students in the SNMA.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n For connecting\/relationship\u2010building with SNMA, the SNMA Region V website was reviewed. Calls were made to Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSUSOM) Office of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (ODEI) explaining the educational initiative with subsequent emails to the Director of WSUSOM's ODEI followed by a video\u2010conference meeting (VCM). VCMs were conducted with two SNMA member leaders from WSUSOM. A local and regional presentation\/delivery of the MD\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n UMEP was planned. Communication was maintained electronically. For development\/delivery of the MD\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n UMEP, headache literature was reviewed for key concepts underpinning migraine diagnosis and migraine disparities with a focus on African Americans. Slides with talking points were developed with references. Pre\u2010 and posttest questions were drafted and made accessible via a QR code. The MD\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n UMEP was presented and students completed the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify responses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The MD\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n UMEP work began July 31, 2021, with program delivered in final form on October 1, 2022. A professional relationship was established with SNMA leadership. A MD\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n UMEP was developed then administered at the 2022 SNMA Region V Medical Education Conference. Headache medicine was introduced to UIM SNMA medical students. Anonymously, nine individuals responded to the MD\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n UMEP pretest questions. Eight individuals answered the posttest questions. At the program's conclusion, UIM student performance improved on seven of 10 test questions on migraine diagnosis and disparities and remained at 100% on one of 10 test questions. On two of the questions, the number correct remained the same (although percentage overall increased due to the smaller denominator). There was a higher proportion of correct responses on the posttest.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n There is great need for migraine diagnosis and disparities education among medical students. A new migraine diagnosis and disparities program was developed for medical students. SNMA members were receptive to the MD\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n UMEP and it strengthened their knowledge of migraine diagnosis and disparities. This program exposed UIM medical students to headache medicine.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T08:33:50Z","timestamp":1721118830000},"page":"967-972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Developing and delivering a migraine disparities and diagnosis undergraduate medical educational program to underrepresented in medicine medical student members of the Student National Medical Association: A pilot project"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7708-5394","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"IV","given":"Larry","family":"Charleston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charleston Health Neurology and Head Pain Consultants Pinckney Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology Michigan State University College of Human Medicine East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1774","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Migraine is underdiagnosed and undertreated","volume":"258","author":"Miller S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-017-0350-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2003.00703.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516047113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Community Outreach Programs: Student National Medical Association.2020https:\/\/snma.org\/page\/programsoutreach"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013259"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200830"}],"container-title":["Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.14791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:31:36Z","timestamp":1762083096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/head.14791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/head.14791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14791","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-8748","1526-4610"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-8748"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1526-4610"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}