{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:17:03Z","timestamp":1777108623881,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R61NS113315\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R61NS113315\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Slower speaking rates and higher pause rates are found in individuals with migraine or post\u2010traumatic headache during headache compared to when headache\u2010free. We aimed to determine whether headache intensity influences the speaking rate and pause rate of participants with migraine or acute post\u2010traumatic headache (aPTH) following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a speech elicitation tool, participants with migraine, aPTH, and healthy controls (HC) submitted speech samples over a period of 3\u2009months. Speaking and pause rates were calculated when participants were headache\u2010free and when they had mild or moderate headache. In this observational study, speaking and pause rates in participants with migraine and aPTH were compared to HC, controlling for age, sex, and days since mTBI (participants with aPTH only).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2902 longitudinal speech samples from 13 individuals with migraine (mean age\u2009=\u200933.5, SD\u2009=\u20096.6; 12 females\/1 male), 43 individuals with aPTH (mean age\u2009=\u200944.4, SD\u2009=\u200913.5; 28 females\/15 males), and 56 HC (mean age\u2009=\u200940.8, SD\u2009=\u200913.0; 36 females\/20 males) were collected. There was no difference in speaking rate between HC and the combined headache cohort of participants (migraine and aPTH) when they had headache freedom or a mild headache. When participants had moderate intensity headache, their speaking rate was significantly slower compared to that of HC and compared to their speaking rate during mild headache intensity or headache freedom. For the combined headache cohort of participants, pause rates were significantly higher when they had headache freedom or had a headache of mild or moderate intensity relative to HC. Compared to participants' pause rate during headache freedom, their pause rate was significantly higher during mild and moderate headache intensity. Participants with aPTH had significantly slower speaking rates compared to participants with migraine during headache freedom, mild headache intensity, and moderate headache intensity. Participants with aPTH had significantly higher pause rates compared to participants with migraine when experiencing moderate headache intensity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For both aPTH and migraine, more severe headache pain was associated with higher pause rates and slower speaking rates, suggesting that speaking rate and pause rate could serve as objective biomarkers for headache\u2010related pain. Slower speaking rate in participants with aPTH could reflect additional consequences of TBI\u2010related effects on motor control and speech production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T07:58:43Z","timestamp":1724831923000},"page":"506-515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of headache intensity on speech in participants with migraine and acute post\u2010traumatic headache"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Dani C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suren","family":"Jayasuriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts, Media and Engineering, School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Visar","family":"Berisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Solutions and School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaal","family":"Starling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd J.","family":"Schwedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9035-8748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine D.","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic  Phoenix Arizona USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Mayo Clinic  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-006-0301-7","article-title":"Migraine with aura: visual disturbances and interrelationship with the pain phase. 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