{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:35Z","timestamp":1787014295021,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying migraine and other primary headache disorders is critical for the development of long\u2010term cures. Magnetoencephalography (MEG), an imaging modality that measures neuronal currents and cortical excitability with high temporal and superior spatial resolution, has been increasingly used in neurological research. Initial MEG studies showed promise in directly recording cortical spreading depression\u2014a cortical correlate of migraine with aura. However, lately MEG technology has highly evolved with greater potential to reveal underlying pathophysiology of migraine and primary headache disorders, and aid in the identification of biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review the use of MEG in migraine and other primary headache disorders and summarize findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic search and selection of MEG studies in migraine and primary headache disorders from inception until June 8, 2023, in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. Peer\u2010reviewed English articles reporting the use of MEG for clinical or research purposes in migraine and primary headache disorders were selected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found 560 articles and included 38 in this review after screening. Twelve studies investigated resting\u2010state, while others investigated a sensory modality using an evoked or event\u2010related paradigm with a total of 35 cohort and 3 case studies. Thirty\u2010two studies focused exclusively on migraine, while the rest reported other primary headache disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings show an evolution of MEG from a 7\u2010 to a 306\u2010channel system and analysis evolving from sensor\u2010level evoked responses to more advanced source\u2010level connectivity measures. A relatively few MEG studies portrayed migraine and primary headache disorders as a sensory abnormality, especially of the visual system. We found heterogeneity in the datasets, data reporting standards (due to constantly evolving MEG technology and analysis methods), and patient characteristics. Studies were inadequately powered and there was no evidence of blinding procedures to avoid selection bias in case\u2013control studies, which could have led to false\u2010positive findings. More studies are needed to investigate the affective\u2013cognitive aspects that exacerbate pain and disability in migraine and primary headache disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T02:49:49Z","timestamp":1731293389000},"page":"353-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Magnetoencephalography studies in migraine and headache disorders: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Raghavan","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitesh Singh","family":"Malan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nymisha","family":"Mandava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Nero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Floyd D. Loop Alumni Library Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MaryAnn","family":"Mays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Hogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.192"},{"issue":"544","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"548","article-title":"Cortical spreading depression (CSD): a neurophysiological correlate of migraine aura","volume":"22","author":"Richter F","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-194511000-00029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1990.hed3007428.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WNP.0000150928.23523.A9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2007.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412443337"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2009.01857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0957-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417712718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0958-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon199332109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1990.1004171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00940-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01200-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0525-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2019.0705"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01581-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2349\/biij.3.1.e25"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0636-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0641-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01674.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083669"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2011.560312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/\/0269-8803.13.4.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-020-00206-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01379-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"NMR spectroscopic and magnetoencephalographic studies in migraine with aura: support for the spreading depression hypothesis","volume":"40","author":"Welch KM","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s101940170026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-020-00916-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-012-0309-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","first-page":"S36","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging: enhanced understanding of migraine pathophysiology","volume":"55","author":"Cutrer FM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Magnetoencephalography as a noninvasive tool for electrophysiological characterization of auras in classic migraine","volume":"54","author":"Okada Y","year":"1990","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-020-00865-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059417734106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00785"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412447536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002825"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.26.15222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1047-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01644-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.100090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117894"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2019.1586534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221128278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1204471"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-018-0587-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01500-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2018.00095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0532-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1010-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-008-9038-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.055"}],"container-title":["Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.14867","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:51:44Z","timestamp":1762077104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/head.14867"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/head.14867"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14867","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-8748","1526-4610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-8748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}