{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:50:51Z","timestamp":1788468651023,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stigma is emerging as an important social contributor to migraine\u2010related disability and other outcomes. Currently, there are no published validated measures of migraine\u2010specific measures of stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary post hoc analysis of a cross\u2010sectional cohort study aimed to develop a questionnaire to evaluate migraine\u2010related stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on focus group discussions among persons with migraine and literature review, a panel of migraine experts iteratively developed 12 candidate items for the migraine\u2010related stigma (MiRS) questionnaire, which aims to measure if and how people living with migraine perceive they are viewed in a stigmatizing manner by others. The United States ObserVational survey of the Epidemiology tReatment and Care Of MigrainE (OVERCOME) study identified people with active migraine within a demographically representative United States (US) adult sample and administered the novel MiRS questionnaire in addition to questionnaires assessing sociodemographics, monthly headache days, and migraine disability score (Migraine Disability Assessment) among other data. Exploratory factor analysis was then utilized to evaluate the structure of the MiRS items and determine the Cronbach's alpha described internal consistency of the factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This exploratory factor analysis was a secondary post hoc analysis of a cross\u2010sectional cohort study derived from the OVERCOME population\u2010based web survey, which was conducted in a United States sample of 61,932 adults with migraine. The mean (standard deviation) age was 41.7\u2009(14.8)\u2009years, 74.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200946,122) were female, and 70.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200943,564) identified as White. Two factors were identified: MiRS\u2014external perception of Secondary Gain (eigenvalue\u2009=\u200921.5, percentage of total variance\u2009=\u200988.9%) and MiRS\u2014external perception of Minimizing Burden of migraine (eigenvalue\u2009=\u20092.7, percentage of total variance\u2009=\u200911.1%). The two factors were correlated (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.66) and a non\u2010orthogonal varimax rotation showed that eight items loaded onto the MiRS\u2014Secondary Gain factor, and four items loaded onto the MiRS\u2014Minimizing Burden factor.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population\u2010based study of &gt;60,000 people with migraine allowed the development and validation of the first migraine\u2010specific measure of perceived external stigma for people with migraine. This study demonstrated that MiRS consists of two internally consistent subscales: Secondary Gain and Minimizing Burden. This may be a useful tool for quantifying perceived migraine\u2010related stigma to understand determinants of migraine\u2010related stigma and test interventions to reduce perceived migraine\u2010related stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T02:15:05Z","timestamp":1737598505000},"page":"269-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development of the Migraine\u2010Related Stigma (MiRS) Questionnaire: Results of the OVERCOME (US) Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8938-4949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth K.","family":"Seng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx New York USA"},{"name":"Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology Yeshiva University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7929-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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