{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T03:33:00Z","timestamp":1782358380600,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI20\/01358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/01358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI21\/00532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"Federaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Enfermedades Raras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations have been shown to be low in patients with migraine, but results are controversial regarding the current role of vitamin D in migraine severity. Using a case\u2013control design, we aimed to evaluate serum 25(OH)D levels in a group of females with high\u2010frequency episodic migraine\/chronic migraine (HF\/CM) and analyze its association with headache frequency and serum calcitonin gene\u2013related peptide (CGRP) levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in 97 females with HF\/CM (age 48.9\u2009\u00b1\u20099.4\u2009years) and 146 healthy females (47.4\u2009\u00b1\u20098.1\u2009years). Participants taking vitamin D supplements were excluded. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were determined by electrochemiluminescence (Roche, Germany), and CGRP levels were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (Abbexa, UK).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean 25(OH)D levels in females with HF\/CM (median [interquartile range] 19.0 [13.0\u201324.5] ng\/mL) were below the values considered for insufficiency or deficiency and significantly lower than controls (25.0 [19\u201329.8] ng\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Fifty (51.5%) patients with HF\/CM had levels below 20\u2009ng\/mL. There was no significant association between vitamin D levels and monthly headache days (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [rho]: \u22120.086;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.404) or with serum \u03b1 (rho: 0.114;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.267) and \u03b2\u2010CGRP (rho: 0.113;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.276) levels. Serum 25(OH)D levels in females with HF\/CM with a minimum daily sunlight exposure were significantly higher than those without (23.0 [15.0\u201326.0] ng\/mL vs. 14.0 [10.0\u201320.0] ng\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Females with HF\/CM who performed exercise had higher, albeit not significant, plasma 25(OH)D levels than those who did not (21.0 [15.5\u201328.0] ng\/mL vs. 16.5 [12.0\u201324.0] ng\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.059).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were low in many patients with HF\/CM. Because there was no correlation with migraine frequency or serum CGRP levels, this deficiency seems to be a direct consequence of the migraine impact. Our data do not support either a relationship of 25(OH)D levels with migraine severity or the use of vitamin D supplements as a specific migraine treatment, although further studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T06:17:58Z","timestamp":1736749078000},"page":"863-870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Low serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels in migraine are not related to headache frequency: A case\u2010control study in patients with high\u2010frequency\/chronic migraine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3207-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Haro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla Universidad de 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Manuel","family":"Olmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla Universidad de Cantabria and Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL)  Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla Universidad de Cantabria and Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL)  Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0902-3906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Quintanilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla Universidad de Cantabria and Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL)  Santander 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