{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:30:48Z","timestamp":1773811848454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate, in two cohorts including patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and migraine, (i) the prevalence of the \u201ccentral vein sign\u201d (CVS), (ii) the spatial distribution of positive CVS (CVS+) lesions, (iii) the threshold of CVS+ lesions able to distinguish MS from migraine with high sensitivity and specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 70 patients with MS\/clinically isolated syndrome and 50 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched patients with migraine underwent a 3\u2010T magnetic resonance imaging scan. The CVS was evaluated according to current guidelines, excluding eight patients with migraine who did not show white matter (WM) lesions. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to identify the best threshold in terms of proportion of CVS+ lesions and the absolute number of CVS+ lesions able to differentiate MS from migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lesion volume was different between CVS+ and CVS negative lesions (median 1043 vs. 176.5\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      for MS cohort; median 35.1 vs. 52.2\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      for migraine cohort;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for all). A higher proportion of CVS+ lesions was associated with a higher probability of being diagnosed as MS (adjusted odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04\u20131.14;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). CVS+ lesion volume and number were higher in MS with respect to migraine, both considering the whole brain and its subregions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The proportion of CVS+ lesions in juxtacortical and infratentorial areas was higher in MS than in migraine (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034, respectively). The best CVS proportion\u2010based threshold able to differentiate MS from migraine was 35.0% (sensitivity 97.1%, specificity 85.7%) with an area under the curve of 0.95 (95% CI 0.90\u20131.00). The \u201cselect 6\u201d rule seemed to be preferable in terms of specificity with respect to the \u201cselect 3\u201d rule.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A CVS proportion\u2010based threshold of 35.0% is capable of distinguishing MS from migraine with high sensitivity and specificity. The \u201cselect 6\u201d algorithm may be useful in the clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:53:05Z","timestamp":1737420785000},"page":"558-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The \u201ccentral vein sign\u201d to differentiate multiple sclerosis from migraine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Ospedale Galliera  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Roccatagliata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Tazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Schiavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Coccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Bandettini Di Poggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Cellerino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Signori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Finocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Uccelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Inglese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Lapucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007573"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90341-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2021.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515616700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.4737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517726383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6571-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-016-0554-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30151-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.22.27731"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520943785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0914-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2478"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/mcdonald\u2010criteria\u2010update\u2010aims\u2010simplify\u2010speed\u2010ms\u2010diagnosis\u20102024a1000h6g?form=fpf"}],"container-title":["Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.14902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T08:24:01Z","timestamp":1762071841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/head.14902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/head.14902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14902","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-8748","1526-4610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-8748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}