{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T08:46:46Z","timestamp":1792313206920,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To estimate rates of migraine progression and assess predictors of progression in a large, longitudinal cohort study using the traditional definition and two alternative definitions of migraine progression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Traditionally, migraine progression is defined as moving from episodic migraine (EM) with \u2264 14 monthly headache days (MHD) to chronic migraine (CM) with \u2265\u200915 MHDs of which 8 are attributable to migraine. This definition does not take into account changes in the full range of potential headache days, disability, or impact on function.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The Observational Survey of the Epidemiology, Treatment, and Care of Migraine (OVERCOME) study identified, characterized, and followed a representative sample of adults with migraine in the United States. Migraine was defined based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD\u20103) criteria. We estimated rates of migraine progression at 1\u2009year of follow\u2010up using three definitions: (1) traditional EM\u2010to\u2010CM transition, (2) increase of \u2265\u20095 MHDs (MHD progression), and (3) increase of \u2265\u20095 points on the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scale (MIDAS progression). The analysis identified sociodemographic, clinical, and migraine\u2010related characteristics associated with each definition of progression from a set of 67 candidates and then determined the association with progression for each candidate predictor and each definition of progression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 11,634 participants met ICHD\u20103 criteria for migraine at baseline and completed the 1\u2010year follow\u2010up survey. The average age was 48.2\u2009years, and average years living with migraine was 22.8\u2009years. The sample was 75.6% female (8793\/11,634), 84.4% White (9814\/11,634), 6.5% Black (757\/11,634), and 7.6% Hispanic (889\/11,634). The majority (89.2%, 10,374\/11,634) had EM at baseline, and among these, 4.7% progressed to CM over 1\u2009year of follow\u2010up. Rates of progression at 1\u2009year were higher using other definitions of progression, with 9.6% (1087\/11,329) reporting an increase in \u2265\u20095 MHDs and 21.7% (2519\/11,630) reporting an increase of \u2265\u20095 MIDAS points. Across all three definitions of progression, ever taking preventive medications for migraine placed people at lower odds of progressing (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: EM\u2010to\u2010CM transition, 0.7 [0.57\u20130.85]; MHD progression, 0.9 [0.75\u20131.00]; MIDAS progression, 0.8 [0.73\u20130.91]), while the presence of depression placed people at higher odds of progressing (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: EM\u2010to\u2010CM transition, 1.3 [1.05\u20131.69]; MHD progression, 1.4 [1.21\u20131.67]; MIDAS progression, 1.2 [1.04\u20131.34]).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This work expands the concept of migraine progression, exploring two alternative definitions that modify the potential range of MHD changes and take disability into account. This analysis identified never having used preventive medications for migraine and presence of depression as risk factors across all three definitions of progression. This work may more accurately identify persons with progression and at risk of migraine progression, setting the stage for trials of preventive intervention and ultimately more effective practice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T07:54:30Z","timestamp":1741938870000},"page":"589-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Rates and risk factors for migraine progression using multiple definitions of progression: Results of the longitudinal\n OVERCOME<\/scp>\n (\n US<\/scp>\n ) study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Dawn C.","family":"Buse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New\u00a0York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Jolanda","family":"Muenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Zagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Sheikhi","family":"Mehrabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3973-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sait","family":"Ashina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2725-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2652-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard B.","family":"Lipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New\u00a0York USA"},{"name":"Montefiore Headache 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