{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:18:13Z","timestamp":1780586293231,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2508700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2508700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2508702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2508702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microstate analysis captures brief but critical fluctuations in brain activity, making it a powerful tool for exploring the cyclic nature of migraine. In this study, we aimed to investigate microstate features during different migraine phases and develop a classification model to identify the pre\u2010ictal phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From May 2023 to June 2024, we conducted a cross\u2010sectional study with consecutive recruitment, collecting resting\u2010state electroencephalography data from 174 individuals with migraine without aura and 50 healthy controls, followed by classification of migraine phases. Microstate features, Lempel\u2010Ziv complexity, and sample entropy were compared across five groups. A model was developed to identify the pre\u2010ictal phase and validated on a test set.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Microstate features, particularly for microstates A and B, exhibited dynamic changes across the migraine cycle. The duration of microstate A was significantly longer in the inter\u2010ictal phase than in the pre\u2010ictal phase, whereas microstate B showed prolonged duration in the pre\u2010ictal phase compared to healthy controls and the post\u2010ictal phase. Microstate A displayed reduced coverage in the pre\u2010ictal phase, whereas microstate B had increased occurrence and coverage during the pre\u2010ictal and ictal phases. Transition probabilities also varied significantly: the pre\u2010ictal phase showed elevated transitions from microstates A, C, and D to B, and the post\u2010ictal phase showed reduced transitions from C and D to A. A classification model based on these microstate features achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.85 (0.73\u20130.95), an area under the precision\u2010recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.83 (0.66\u20130.95), and an\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      1 score of 0.78 (0.62\u20130.90) in the training set; and an AUROC of 0.84 (0.69\u20130.97), an AUPRC of 0.86 (0.67\u20130.98), and an\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      1 score of 0.81 (0.65\u20130.93) in the test set, indicating robust performance in identifying the pre\u2010ictal phase.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through the observation of cyclic alterations in the microstates of patients with migraine, we identified a reduction in microstate A and an enhancement in microstate B during the pre\u2010ictal phase. These changes may indicate a heightened sensitivity to auditory stimuli and increased activity in the visual cortex, providing new insights into migraine pathophysiology. Our model effectively identified the pre\u2010ictal phase, offering a promising approach for early intervention in migraine attacks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.15031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T11:30:36Z","timestamp":1753961436000},"page":"457-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the alterations in microstate dynamics during the migraine cycle and detecting pre\u2010ictal phases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, International Headache Center The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"College of Medicine Nankai University  Tianjin 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