{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T10:44:31Z","timestamp":1792320271699,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study summarizes the evidence on the clinical effects of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs) in adults with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IIH is characterized by elevated intracranial pressure with normal neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid composition. Standard therapies (e.g., acetazolamide, topiramate) provide modest benefit and are often poorly tolerated. GLP\u20101 RAs, which induce weight loss and have been shown experimentally to reduce cerebrospinal\u2010fluid secretion, are emerging as potential adjuncts, but clinical evidence has not been synthesized comprehensively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , and the World Health Organization\u2010International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched from inception to July\u20092025. Human studies evaluating any GLP\u20101RA in IIH were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and appraised risk of bias (Risk Of Bias in Randomized Studies tool for randomized trials, Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies\u2014of Interventions tool and Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies\u2014of Exposures for observational cohorts, Joanna\u2009Briggs Institute for case reports). Heterogeneity and overlapping cohorts precluded meta\u2010analysis; findings were synthesized narratively. The protocol was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD420251058602).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve reports met criteria: three randomized controlled trials, six retrospective cohorts, one case\u2013control study, and two case reports. Across these studies, GLP\u20101RA treatment generally aligned with improvements in papilledema, headache burden, and body mass index, whereas visual outcomes and intracranial pressure data were more variable. The database cohorts suggested a consistent benefit, whereas findings in prospectively followed patients were mixed. Reported adverse effects were mostly mild gastrointestinal symptoms; some cohorts noted reduced reliance on acetazolamide and no cognitive decline. Evidence certainty was low because of observational designs, short follow\u2010up, and nonstandardized outcome definitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low\u2010certainty evidence suggests GLP\u20101 RAs may reduce papilledema, headache burden, and body weight in IIH without apparent cognitive harm, but findings are inconsistent and driven largely by database analyses and small trials. Larger, well\u2010powered randomized studies with uniform ophthalmic and headache endpoints, quality\u2010of\u2010life measures, and dose\u2013response evaluation are needed to confirm efficacy and define long\u2010term safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.70005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T12:10:15Z","timestamp":1763381415000},"page":"286-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 receptor agonists on idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0061-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen Michaela","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Federal University of Mato Grosso  Sinop Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Gallo Ruelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Nutricional (IIN)  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pandora Eloa Oliveira","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Federal University of Campina Grande  Campina Grande Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilo Andr\u00e9 Viana","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro  Uberaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Oliveira","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Federal University of Mato Grosso  Sinop Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo Ramon Fruett","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery Sinedor Clinic  Sinop Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristopher T.","family":"Kahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540010072020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000435919"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0521-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02586-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2012.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.5.636"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2022.12.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan0972"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.12.24317197"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01631-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02908-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-024-01215-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov.A trial to determine the efficacy and safety of presendin in IIH (IIH\u2009EVOLVE). 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