{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:41:40Z","timestamp":1789011700245,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine is a common neurological disorder and a primary headache condition. Despite its central origin, migraine pain may be referred to the orofacial region via trigeminal pathways, resulting in phenotypic overlap with other orofacial pain (OFP) conditions. OFP represents a highly prevalent and heterogeneous group of pain disorders that substantially impair quality of life. Microneedle (MN) technology enables minimally invasive, localized, or transdermal drug delivery and has emerged as a promising mechanism\u2010guided strategy for the management of migraine and other OFP conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to systematically summarize the current evidence on MN\u2010based technologies for the treatment of migraine and other OFP conditions and discuss the therapeutic implications, limitations, and future directions of MN technologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a narrative review. PubMed\/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception to November 18, 2025. English\u2010language studies evaluating MN\u2010based technologies for migraine and other OFP conditions, including temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral mucosal ulcers, in animal models or human participants were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven studies were included, covering migraine (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094), TMD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092), and oral mucosal ulcers (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095). Across included studies, evidence for MN\u2010based interventions was most advanced in migraine. Preclinical studies demonstrated that transdermal or intranasal MN systems enabled rapid and reliable drug absorption, with bioavailability comparable to subcutaneous injection. Clinical studies of MN\u2010mediated triptan delivery reported high rates of 2 h pain relief and freedom from the most bothersome migraine\u2010associated symptoms, with generally mild and transient local skin reactions. Beyond migraine, MNs were explored for TMD and oral mucosal ulcers, where they enabled localized and sustained analgesic and anti\u2010inflammatory effects and promoted tissue healing, although evidence in these conditions remains limited and largely preclinical.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MN\u2010based drug delivery represents a promising, minimally invasive strategy for migraine and other OFP management, with the strongest and most clinically relevant evidence currently available for acute migraine treatment. By enabling rapid and reliable drug absorption while bypassing gastrointestinal limitations, MNs may enhance the effectiveness of migraine\u2010specific therapies. Emerging preclinical evidence further suggests potential applicability of MN platforms in other OFP conditions, including TMD and oral mucosal ulcers, through localized and sustained analgesic and anti\u2010inflammatory delivery. Future research should prioritize migraine\u2010focused optimization of MN materials and designs, alongside disease\u2010specific expansion and standardized pain\u2010related outcome reporting, to facilitate broader clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.70074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T05:41:18Z","timestamp":1773466878000},"page":"1148-1161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microneedles for the treatment of migraine and orofacial pain: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1770-3847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baicheng","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9039-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruozhou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organic\u2013Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7496-5564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-025-02030-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04705-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-021-00632-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13172854"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.300108.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.2022.2.e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-197803040-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","article-title":"Zolmitriptan for acute migraine attacks in adults","volume":"2014","author":"Bird S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00517-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/js960500j"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-7-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120437"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcle.2023.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21989-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11110961"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03353783"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.05.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0598-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801510"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120491"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-023-00658-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129882"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.06.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201200864"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01249-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417737765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-023-00988-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-005-0064-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00193709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.1998.1807487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10717541003667798"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10847-022-01149-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122714"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01885-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","article-title":"Sumatriptan (oral route of administration) for acute migraine attacks in adults","volume":"2012","author":"Derry CJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1066-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1555215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct0910887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710000473X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024231169244"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051374"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.102040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-025-00941-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2023.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.119.256750"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","article-title":"Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders","volume":"9","author":"Singha BP","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2020.102277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders","volume":"2010","author":"Mujakperuo HR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2008.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.05.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.3269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.113100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.157041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2024.102382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c05542"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105727"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118493"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-025-01317-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.13.1443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2022.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.157464"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2020.100666"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-025-03246-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40486-024-00204-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medidd.2021.100118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NA00527E"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB01629F"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB01691E"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.12.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.09.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114375"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20230163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20240188"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-022-00308-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073604"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia disorder: immunity and inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Ronconi G","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","unstructured":"Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatments | UT Health Physicians. Available at:https:\/\/uthscsa.edu\/physicians\/services\/trigeminal\u2010neuralgia\/trigeminal\u2010neuralgia\u2010treatments. Accessed 2025\u201012\u201018."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412441721"}],"container-title":["Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.70074","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/head.70074","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.70074","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:42:19Z","timestamp":1786632139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/head.70074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/head.70074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.70074","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-8748","1526-4610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-8748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}