{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:07:43Z","timestamp":1784700463031,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG20GM103650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG20GM103650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG30GM145646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG30GM145646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare rod, cone, and retinal ganglion function with pupillary response in the same migraine and headache\u2010free individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine is associated with a sensitivity to the visual environment, including light, stripes, and color, but the biological causes are still heavily debated. One of the potential sources of this sensitivity is abnormal functioning in the retina. Typically, electroretinography (ERG) assessments require dilated pupils to achieve the desired retinal illuminance. However, abnormal pupillary functioning has been linked with migraine, and so artificially dilating the pupil may obscure the effects of migraine on retinal activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we compared rod, cone, and the photopic negative\u2010response (to assess retinal ganglion functioning) ERG activity using the RETeval that delivered standard International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision protocols in 35 individuals with migraine and 25 headache\u2010free individuals. To avoid dilating the pupils, the luminance of the stimuli was continuously adjusted for pupil diameter to hold retinal illumination constant. This allowed for pupil diameter to be measured simultaneously.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ERG response amplitudes and timings were similar across migraine and headache\u2010free groups for all protocols, except for a smaller a\u2010wave amplitude in the migraine group in response to the light\u2010adapted slow light flashes. We also found larger pupil diameters in the migraine group, particularly for the dark\u2010adapted protocols, and larger pupils correlated with faster ERG responses to the light\u2010adapted flicker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, this suggests that pupil functioning is abnormal in migraine, particularly under specific lighting conditions, and may be linked to a hyper\u2010response to uncomfortable flicker in migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:11:16Z","timestamp":1780981876000},"page":"1514-1524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electroretinography and pupillary response in migraine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Carson C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience University of Nevada  Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane F. H.","family":"Trivitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience University of Nevada  Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience University of Nevada  Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber M.","family":"Thaxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience University of Nevada  Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Van Key","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience University of Nevada  Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Laycox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience University of Nevada  Reno Nevada USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Southern Cross University  Lismore New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Crognale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience University of Nevada  Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2400-4412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Haigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience University of Nevada  Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211014633"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460125024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.4.989"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13620"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411433301"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2003.03110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p5814"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p6656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.711064"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1200661"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001434"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2211-5056.354281"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/noph.25.3.143.7137"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02584080"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800006076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.108027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-018-9638-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww274"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.4.507"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412453953"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1997.1707742.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024241276501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1046_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.2.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.2.121"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition","volume":"38","author":"IHS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-012-9353-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-022-09872-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","unstructured":"ISCEV.A Guide to Procedures. 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