{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T08:04:41Z","timestamp":1789286681144,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T37 MD001449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T37 MD001449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to assess the individual and joint association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and migraine with adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Teenage pregnancy is prevalent, particularly in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries. Teenage mothers sustain higher risk of adverse birth outcomes compared to their adult counterparts. ACEs and migraine are prevalent among teenage mothers and may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional data were obtained from 819 Peruvian teenage mothers (aged 14 to 18\u2009years) enrolled in the Teen Pregnancy Outcomes, Maternal, and Infant Study from November 2016 to September 2018 in Lima, Peru. Mothers having 4+ ACEs were considered as having high ACEs. Migraine was classified based on ICHD\u20103 criteria. Adverse pregnancy outcomes included preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High ACEs were associated with greater odds of PTB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20092.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25, 3.95) and LBW (aOR\u2009=\u20092.64, 95% CI: 1.46, 4.67). Participants with migraine also had higher odds of PTB (aOR\u2009=\u20092.15, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.77). When examined jointly, those with only migraine (aOR\u2009=\u20092.79, 95% CI: 1.41, 5.52) or only high ACEs (aOR\u2009=\u20092.94, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.83) showed increased odds of PTB, whereas the combined exposure to both was weaker (aOR\u2009=\u20092.69, 95% CI: 1.04, 6.95), suggestive of a possible negative interaction, although inferences from this are limited by our relatively small sample size as reflected by the wide 95% CI. Similar patterns were observed for LBW.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High ACEs and migraine were each independently associated with increased odds of PTB and LBW, but joint exposure did not increase the odds beyond the individual contributions. The suggestion of a possible negative interaction between high ACEs and migraine warrants further investigation to confirm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T07:42:44Z","timestamp":1783323764000},"page":"1827-1836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adverse childhood experiences, migraine, and adverse pregnancy outcomes among teenage mothers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9835-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinxian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahika","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Civil PROESA  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Lee","family":"Peterlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania Headache Center  Camp Hill Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Penn State Milton S. Hershey  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0354-0523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sixto E.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Civil PROESA  Lima Peru"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad San Mart\u00edn de Porres  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8459-6785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta B.","family":"Rondon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Salud P\u00fablica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7934-548X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bizu","family":"Gelaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.420"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2024.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2021.110507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.2.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004570"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1213243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102518"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-020-01029-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01682-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-12-S2-S8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1336661"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-007681"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1459594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-07202-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.101008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-021-03176-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04454-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.05.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504273321701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2015.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.04.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.15115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica.Encuesta Nacional Sobre Relaciones Sociales ENARES 2019. n.d. 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