{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:56:50Z","timestamp":1790686610019,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2703605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2703605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of migraine in a cohort of patients with mitochondrial disease (MD) presenting as encephalopathy and\/or myopathy, and to explore the potential association between migraine and mitochondrial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n MDs comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The high frequency of migraine among patients with MD presenting as encephalopathy and\/or myopathy suggests a potential connection between migraine pathogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In this multicenter cross\u2010sectional real\u2010world study, 48 genetically confirmed patients with MD presenting as encephalopathy and\/or myopathy were included from seven medical centers in China between January 2020 and March 2023. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect demographic data, comprehensive clinical information related to MD, and detailed headache information. The frequency, clinical characteristics, and potential factors associated with migraine were analyzed. Furthermore, the frequency and characteristics were compared with data from a population\u2010based survey on primary headaches. According to ICHD\u20103, the concept of \u201cacute headache preceding or associated with focal neurological deficits and\/or seizures (AHF)\u201d was introduced under ICHD\u20103 6.8.2 Headache attributed to mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke\u2010like episodes (MELAS). In patients with MELAS, the frequency and characteristics of migraine in AHF\u2010positive patients were further evaluated and contrasted with those in AHF\u2010negative patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The 1\u2010year frequency of migraine in this cohort was 48% (23\/48) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34%\u201362%), markedly higher than the 1\u2010year prevalence in the general population (9%, 95% CI: 9%\u201310%). Epilepsy (adjusted odds ratio: 5.73, 95% CI: 1.11\u201343.67,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.036) and elevated resting blood lactate concentration (adjusted odds ratio : 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05\u20132.43,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.026) were independently associated with migraine. Additionally, ancillary tests performed in specific patient subgroups revealed a higher incidence of electroencephalography abnormalities in the migraine\u2010positive group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.025). Among 29 patients with MELAS, 12 experienced AHF and all were diagnosed with migraine (12\/12, 100%), exhibiting a notably high incidence of typical migraine aura (6\/12, 50%). In contrast, five of the 17 AHF\u2010negative patients were diagnosed with migraine (5\/17, 29%), and only one of these patients had typical migraine aura (1\/5, 20%). The mean Numerical Rating Scale score for migraine was higher in AHF\u2010positive patients than in AHF\u2010negative patients\u00a0(7.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 vs. 5.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5;\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20092.23,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.042).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n In patients with MD presenting as encephalopathy and\/or myopathy, the 1\u2010year frequency of migraine was more than five times higher than that in the general population. Epilepsy and elevated resting blood lactate concentration were identified as factors independently associated with migraine. In patients with MELAS, AHF positivity was associated with distinct and severe migraine phenotypes. Collectively, these findings offer clinical evidence supporting the potential link between migraine and mitochondrial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.70225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:08:50Z","timestamp":1790683730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitochondrial migraine: A multicenter study based on mitochondrial diseases presenting as encephalopathy and\/or myopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Changping","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Center for Translational Genomics and Rare Diseases The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Therapy for Hereditary Neuromuscular Diseases The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Center for Translational Genomics and Rare Diseases The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Therapy for Hereditary Neuromuscular Diseases The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanfen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7388-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haishan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangyu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xucong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghui","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusha","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8933-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1023-4073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Center for Translational Genomics and Rare Diseases The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Therapy for Hereditary Neuromuscular Diseases The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.80","article-title":"Mitochondrial diseases","volume":"2","author":"Gorman GS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.151","article-title":"Mitochondrial disease and endocrine dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Chow J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9529","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68970-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial disease","volume":"368","author":"Schapira AH","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.051","article-title":"Mitochondrial diseases: hope for the future","volume":"181","author":"Russell OM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2020.06.009","article-title":"Mitochondrial diseases: a diagnostic revolution","volume":"36","author":"Schon KR","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2869-1_8","article-title":"Inherited mitochondrial disorders","volume":"942","author":"Finsterer J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-021-01630-4","article-title":"Headache and migraine in mitochondrial disease and its impact on life\u2014results from a cross\u2010sectional, questionnaire\u2010based study","volume":"121","author":"Burow P","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13219","article-title":"Prevalence of headache in patients with mitochondrial disease: a cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"58","author":"Kraya T","year":"2018","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417723568","article-title":"Migraine in mitochondrial disorders: prevalence and characteristics","volume":"38","author":"Vollono C","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2020.05.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial migraine; a prevalence, impact and treatment efficacy cohort study","volume":"53","author":"Tiehuis LH","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08206-z","article-title":"The relevance of migraine in the clinical spectrum of mitochondrial disorders","volume":"12","author":"Terrin A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.01.020","article-title":"Headache in mitochondrial disorders","volume":"166","author":"Finsterer J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12832","article-title":"Prevalence of migraine in persons with the 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA","volume":"23","author":"Guo S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8086-3","article-title":"Expanded phenotypic spectrum of the m.8344A>G \u201cMERRF\u201d mutation: data from the German mitoNET registry","volume":"263","author":"Altmann J","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710001115X","article-title":"Multisystem disorder in late\u2010onset chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia","volume":"38","author":"Pfeffer G","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.157354","article-title":"Progressive myoclonic epilepsy as an adult\u2010onset manifestation of Leigh syndrome due to m.14487T>C","volume":"81","author":"Dermaut B","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812445787","article-title":"A novel mutation in the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene (MTCYB) in a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Emmanuele V","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition","volume":"38","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15676","article-title":"Current perspectives on mitochondrial dysfunction in migraine","volume":"56","author":"Bohra SK","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0255-4","article-title":"The metabolic face of migraine\u2014from pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"15","author":"Gross EC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00098-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial disease in adults: recent advances and future promise","volume":"20","author":"Ng YS","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.5072","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of strokelike episodes in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes","volume":"73","author":"Koenig MK","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.02061.x","article-title":"The prevalence and burden of primary headaches in China: a population\u2010based door\u2010to\u2010door survey","volume":"52","author":"Yu S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-011-0336-2","article-title":"The burden of headache in China: validation of diagnostic questionnaire for a population\u2010based survey","volume":"12","author":"Yu S","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition","volume":"24","author":"Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","unstructured":"HeinzeG PlonerM JirickaL SteinerG.logistf: Firth's Bias\u2010Reduced Logistic Regression. R package version 1.26.1;2025.10.32614\/CRAN.package.logistf https:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=logistf"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202301170","article-title":"Migraine","volume":"176","author":"Zhang N","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000015826","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA in stroke and migraine with aura","volume":"8","author":"Ojaimi J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00516-6","article-title":"Headache in people with epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Bauer PR","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00335","article-title":"Bioenergetic mechanisms of seizure control","volume":"12","author":"Kov\u00e1cs R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00148-9","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and seizures: the neuronal energy crisis","volume":"14","author":"Zsurka G","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01719-0","article-title":"Migraine\u2014a borderland disease to epilepsy: near it but not of it","volume":"25","author":"Paungarttner J","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","first-page":"2286","article-title":"A new comorbidity model and the common pathological mechanisms of migraine and epilepsy","volume":"9","author":"Fan S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","first-page":"S25","article-title":"Brain hyperexcitability: the basis for antiepileptic drugs in migraine prevention","volume":"45","author":"Welch KM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-012-0723-7","article-title":"A possible role for mitochondrial dysfunction in migraine","volume":"287","author":"Stuart S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomics"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr018","article-title":"Impaired mitochondrial function abolishes gamma oscillations in the hippocampus through an effect on fast\u2010spiking interneurons","volume":"134","author":"Whittaker RG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24525","article-title":"Epilepsy in adults with mitochondrial disease: a cohort study","volume":"78","author":"Whittaker RG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1998.3801039.x","article-title":"Plasma lactic acid and pyruvic acid levels in migraine and tension\u2010type headache","volume":"38","author":"Okada H","year":"1998","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.00900.x","article-title":"MR\u2010spectroscopic imaging during visual stimulation in subgroups of migraine with aura","volume":"25","author":"S\u00e1ndor PS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01896-y","article-title":"Causal relationships between cortical brain structural alterations and migraine subtypes: a bidirectional MNendelian randomization study of 2,347 neuroimaging phenotypes","volume":"25","author":"Sun Z","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13935","article-title":"Migraine as a cortical brain disorder","volume":"60","author":"Barbanti P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-02089-7","article-title":"Cortical pain processing in migraine","volume":"127","author":"Coppola G","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209305","article-title":"Differences in cortical morphology in people with and without migraine: a registry for migraine (REFORM) MRI study","volume":"102","author":"Christensen RH","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-022-00985-w","article-title":"Cortical pain induced by optogenetic cortical spreading depression: from whole brain activity mapping","volume":"15","author":"Pi C","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01793.x","article-title":"Two common mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms are highly associated with migraine headache and cyclic vomiting syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Zaki EA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2019.86061","article-title":"Mitochondria in migraine pathophysiology\u2014does epigenetics play a role?","volume":"15","author":"Fila M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84102-2","article-title":"Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers in higher\u2010frequency episodic migraine","volume":"11","author":"Gross EC","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01563-8","article-title":"FGF\u201021 and GDF\u201015 are increased in migraine and associated with the severity of migraine\u2010related disability","volume":"24","author":"He J","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107611","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of CGRP monoclonal antibodies in migraine related to mitochondrial diseases in patients with NARP and PEO syndromes","volume":"226","author":"Silvestro M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.958463","article-title":"Case report: monoclonal CGRP\u2010antibody treatment in a migraine patient with a mutation in the mitochondrial single\u2010strand binding protein (SSBP1)","volume":"13","author":"Kaltseis K","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"}],"container-title":["Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.70225","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/head.70225","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.70225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:08:58Z","timestamp":1790683738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/head.70225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/head.70225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.70225","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-8748","1526-4610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-8748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"head.70225"}}