{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:49:23Z","timestamp":1791452963880,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016724","name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate aquaporins (AQP), heat shock proteins (HSP), and\u00a0CD146 (cluster of differentiation)\u00a0as molecular markers of blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuroinflammation in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Emerging evidence implicates BBB dysfunction and neuroinflammation, yet their mechanistic basis in IIH is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In this case\u2010control study with cross\u2010sectional exposure ascertainment, conducted in Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, from March 2023 to September 2024, newly diagnosed patients with IIH and age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy individuals undergoing spinal anesthesia for non\u2010neurological disease anesthesia controls (AC) and age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Protein levels of AQPs and gene expression of HSPs and CD146 were quantified in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and correlated with clinical features and severity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with IIH were predominantly female (87%), with mean body mass index (BMI) 28.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n and mean CSF opening pressure 27.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8\u2009cm CSF. Patients with IIH demonstrated reduced AQP4\n CSF<\/jats:sub>\n levels as compared to AC group (2.65 [2.09, 3.70] vs. 3.07 [1.65, 7.15],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.016) and increased gene expression of HSP70\n Blood<\/jats:sub>\n as compared to AC and HC (3.86 [1.02, 5.61] vs. 1.08 [0.78, 2.91] vs. 1.77 [0.43, 2.27],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002); increased gene expression of HSP60\n CSF<\/jats:sub>\n as compared to AC (1.28 [0.37, 2.44] vs. 0.52 [0.23, 1.26],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.038); and increased gene expression of CD146\n Blood<\/jats:sub>\n as compared to AC and HC (1.27 [0.50, 4.29] vs. 0.53 [0.35, 1.36] vs. 0.91 [0.58, 1.70],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.008). HSP70\n CSF<\/jats:sub>\n , HSP60\n Blood<\/jats:sub>\n , and CD146\n Blood<\/jats:sub>\n corelated positively with Headache Impact Test\u20106 (HIT\u20106) and MIDAS scores (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.41,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01;\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.34,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.032;\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.35,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.029,\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.35) indicating an association with disease severity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The findings provide molecular evidence of BBB disruption and neuroinflammatory pathway involved in the pathophysiology of IIH.<\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.70232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:53:00Z","timestamp":1791449580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular evidence of aquaporin\u20104 dysregulation and neuroinflammatory stress underlying blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6055-952X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaishali","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9716-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitender","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5603-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramod","family":"Avti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiv Lal","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aastha","family":"Takkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapnajeet","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7769-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sucharita","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5984-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamalesh","family":"Chakravarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2009.01172.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.37142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlz063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146547"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12420","article-title":"Astrogliosis and impaired aquaporin\u20104 and dystrophin systems in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"44","author":"Eide PK","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0123-7_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000029570.69134.1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"SullivanKM PerzulloJC DeanAG MirRA.Open Source Statistics for Public Health. 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