{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:48:57Z","timestamp":1791895737549,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives\/Background<\/jats:title>\n Our objective was to describe the design, feasibility, and baseline characteristics of the Migraine Impact on Neurocognitive Dynamics study, a 30\u2010day smartphone\u2010based, prospective, decentralized, observational cohort study evaluating high\u2010frequency assessment of cognition and symptoms in adults with migraine. Cognitive symptoms are an important component of migraine burden, but they are difficult to measure using single\u2010visit testing or retrospective questionnaires. Repeated smartphone\u2010based assessments may better capture real\u2010world variability in cognition and symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Adults meeting International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, criteria for migraine were enrolled remotely and completed 30\u2009days of once\u2010daily ecological momentary assessments and mobile cognitive tasks delivered through the Mobile Monitoring of Cognitive Change platform. Baseline measures assessed demographics, migraine characteristics, disability, mood, stress, and treatment patterns. Feasibility was evaluated using enrollment, completion, and retention metrics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 177 participants enrolled nationwide across the United States (mean age 38.8\u00b111.9\u2009years; 79.7% female), including 80 (45.2%) with chronic migraine. Across the 30\u2010day protocol, 3688 daily assessments were completed, representing 69.5% of all possible study days, and 70.6% of participants completed at least 20\u2009days of monitoring. Completion remained >60% across study days. At baseline, chronic migraine was associated with greater burden than low\u2010frequency and high\u2010frequency episodic migraine, including higher Migraine Disability Assessment Scale scores (98.6 vs. 38.7 and 70.3), more days with concentration difficulty (16.0 vs. 7.6 and 13.0), and more days with functional interference (18.5 vs. 7.9 and 11.5).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The Migraine Impact on Neurocognitive Dynamics study demonstrates the feasibility of high\u2010frequency smartphone\u2010based assessment of cognition and symptoms in migraine and provides a methodological foundation for future analyses of within\u2010person cognitive and symptom dynamics across the migraine cycle.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/head.70244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:06:51Z","timestamp":1791893211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The\n MIND<\/scp>\n study: Design, feasibility, and baseline characteristics of a smartphone\u2010based migraine cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1585-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babak","family":"Khorsand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Center for Design, Discovery, and Data Analytics in Neurological Disorders University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3707-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devin","family":"Teichrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Center for Design, Discovery, and Data Analytics in Neurological Disorders University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Lipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Headache Center, Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA"},{"name":"Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1307-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ezzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Center for Design, Discovery, and Data Analytics in Neurological Disorders University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14629","article-title":"Impact of monthly headache days on migraine\u2010related quality of life: results from the chronic migraine epidemiology and outcomes (CaMEO) study","volume":"63","author":"Lipton RB","year":"2023","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-022-01039-5","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in primary and secondary headache disorders","volume":"26","author":"Begasse de Dhaem O","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01923-y","article-title":"Migraine and cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Fernandes C","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13204","article-title":"Subjective cognitive complaints and migraine characteristics: a cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"141","author":"Chu H\u2010T","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14484","article-title":"Patient\u2010reported experiences with migraine\u2010related cognitive symptoms: results of the MiCOAS qualitative study","volume":"63","author":"Gerstein MT","year":"2023","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072827","article-title":"Prodromal functioning of migraine patients relative to their Interictal state \u2010 an ecological momentary assessment study","volume":"8","author":"Houtveen JH","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment","volume":"4","author":"Shiffman S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71505","article-title":"Scalable markers for early cognitive decline: plasma p\u2010tau217, subjective cognitive concerns, and digital testing: results from the A4\/LEARN studies","volume":"22","author":"Khorsand B","year":"2026","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1562","article-title":"Applications for self\u2010administered mobile cognitive assessments in clinical research: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Moore RC","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.946685","article-title":"Feasibility and validity of ecological momentary cognitive testing among older adults with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"4","author":"Moore RC","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Digital Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1111\/head.15016","article-title":"Headache assessment via digital platform in United States: baseline study characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment patterns","volume":"65","author":"Ezzati A","year":"2025","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14964","article-title":"Cognition during ictal and interictal migraine phases: a pilot study using ecological momentary assessment","volume":"65","author":"Sebrow L","year":"2025","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191116643164","article-title":"Reliability and validity of ambulatory cognitive assessments","volume":"25","author":"Sliwinski MJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"613","article-title":"An ultra\u2010brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ\u20134","volume":"50","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen S","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.suppl_1.S20","article-title":"Development and testing of the migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire to assess headache\u2010related disability","volume":"56","author":"Stewart WF","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.041007638.x","article-title":"Migraine diagnosis and treatment: results from the American migraine study II","volume":"41","author":"Lipton RB","year":"2001","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"A89","volume-title":"Neurology","author":"Buse DC","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01786.x","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the migraine\u2010treatment optimization questionnaire","volume":"29","author":"Lipton RB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14259","article-title":"Diagnosis, consultation, treatment, and impact of migraine in the US: results of the OVERCOME (US) study","volume":"62","author":"Lipton RB","year":"2022","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00569-3","article-title":"Impact of migraine on daily life: results of the observational survey of the epidemiology, treatment, and Care of Migraine (OVERCOME [Japan]) study","volume":"13","author":"Awaki E","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"Mobile Monitoring of Cognitive Change (M2C2): High\u2010Frequency Assessments and Protocol Reporting Guidelines","author":"Hakun J","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617724000328","article-title":"Psychometric and adherence considerations for high\u2010frequency, smartphone\u2010based cognitive screening protocols in older adults","volume":"30","author":"Thompson LI","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-025-04122-7","article-title":"Cognition, mental health, and quality of life in patients with chronic and episodic migraine during the interictal period","volume":"25","author":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Medina DC","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/14475","article-title":"Compliance and retention with the experience sampling method over the continuum of severe mental disorders: meta\u2010analysis and recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Vachon H","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-118","article-title":"Practice effects in healthy adults: a longitudinal study on frequent repetitive cognitive testing","volume":"11","author":"Bartels C","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TeichrowD KhorsandB FanningKM et\u00a0al.Comparative analysis of real world acute prescription migraine therapy outcomes: insights from the HeAD US study. medRxiv.2025:2025.2009. 2018.25336093.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.18.25336093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"Garrido\u2010CumbreraM Santos\u2010LasaosaS Aguirre\u2010VazquezM et\u00a0al.Impact of monthly headache days on anxiety depression and disability in migraine patients: results from the Spanish Atlas.2021."}],"container-title":["Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.70244","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/head.70244","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/head.70244","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:06:56Z","timestamp":1791893216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/head.70244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/head.70244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.70244","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-8748","1526-4610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-8748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"head.70244"}}