{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:08:23Z","timestamp":1792638503948,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]],"date-time":"2013-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDR<\/jats:styled-content>) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors that play a critical role in innate immunity. This study examined the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDR<\/jats:styled-content> in gastric innate immune defence against the gastric pathogen <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>elicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected patients and sixteen controls participated in the study. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GES<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells were transfected with si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> or incubated with or without 1\u03b1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (100\u00a0nmol\/L) then infected with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDR<\/jats:styled-content>, cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAMP<\/jats:styled-content>), and cytokine m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression levels in normal and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected gastric mucosa and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GES<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells was determined by q<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and correlated with the histopathologic degree of gastritis. Bactericidal activity was measured by using a colony\u2010forming unit assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D receptor m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression levels were significantly upregulated in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected patients and positively correlated with chronic inflammation scores. There was a significant positive correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAMP<\/jats:styled-content> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori\u2010<\/jats:italic>positive gastric mucosa. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDR<\/jats:styled-content> si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> reduced <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori\u2010<\/jats:italic>induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAMP<\/jats:styled-content> production and conversely increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>8\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8 expression levels. The vitamin D agonist 1\u03b1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAMP<\/jats:styled-content> expression and reduced cytokine activation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GES<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells infected with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>. 1\u03b1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> could enhance the intracellular killing of the replicating bacteria, but the presence of si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDR<\/jats:styled-content> and si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAMP<\/jats:styled-content> led to a decline in its bactericidal ability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAMP<\/jats:styled-content> in the gastric epithelium is up\u2010regulated in the case of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection; thus, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDR<\/jats:styled-content> plays an important role in gastric mucosa homeostasis and host protection from <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,5]],"date-time":"2013-11-05T01:28:46Z","timestamp":1383614926000},"page":"37-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["<i><scp>H<\/scp>elicobacter pylori<\/i> Induces Increased Expression of the Vitamin D Receptor in Immune Responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lihua","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital 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