{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T18:08:09Z","timestamp":1771524489001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]],"date-time":"2014-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk factors for acquiring <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>elicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) infections are different: <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> is transmitted by gastro\u2010 or fecal\u2010oral routes and is associated with low socioeconomic conditions, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> is transmitted through sexual intercourse, infected body fluids, and transplacentally. If the host responses to these infections were independent, the prevalence of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> should be similar in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected and non\u2010infected patients. Yet, several studies have detected a lower prevalence of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection, whereas other studies found either no differences or greater rates of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review studies that addressed the issue of these two simultaneous infections and attempt to determine whether reliable conclusions can be drawn from this corpus of often contrasting evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic literature search for relevant publications, followed by manual search of additional citations from extracted articles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The initial search yielded 44 publications; after excluding case reports, reviews, narrowly focused articles, and duplicate reports, there remained 29 articles, which are the corpus of this review. With one exception, all studies reported higher rates of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative subjects. Five studies also examined the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 lymphocyte counts and found an inverse correlation between the degree of immunosuppression and the prevalence of active <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current evidence suggests that it is likely that <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> needs a functional immune system to successfully and persistently colonize the human gastric mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,29]],"date-time":"2014-04-29T02:14:40Z","timestamp":1398737680000},"page":"323-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> Gastritis in <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010Infected 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