{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:03:45Z","timestamp":1789704225128,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>) is recognized as a causative agent for unexplained iron\u2010deficiency anemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDA<\/jats:styled-content>). We evaluated many background factors influencing an iron\u2010deficiency state in adult patients with various <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected upper gastrointestinal tract diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study 1: <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori\u2010<\/jats:italic>infected 121 patients (nodular gastritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NG<\/jats:styled-content>) (n\u00a0=\u00a019), duodenal ulcer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DU<\/jats:styled-content>) (n\u00a0=\u00a030), or gastric ulcer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GU<\/jats:styled-content>) (n\u00a0=\u00a047), or gastric hyperplastic polyp (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GHP<\/jats:styled-content>) (n\u00a0=\u00a025)) were enrolled. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> count and hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, pepsinogen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PG<\/jats:styled-content>) I, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PG II<\/jats:styled-content>, gastrin, and anti\u2010<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> antibody (Ab) levels in the serum were measured. Study 2: <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori\u2010<\/jats:italic>infected 105 patients (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NG<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a019; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DU<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a043; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GU<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a032; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GHP<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a011) and non\u2010<jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected individuals (n\u00a0=\u00a035) were examined for the levels of prohepcidin, ferritin, and iron in the serum. In addition, we measured the data before and after the <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GHP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NG<\/jats:styled-content>, hypoferritinemia was observed in comparison with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GU<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DU<\/jats:styled-content> patients. In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GHP<\/jats:styled-content> patients, low levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PG<\/jats:styled-content> I, a decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PG<\/jats:styled-content> I\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> ratio, and hypergastrinemia were observed. The levels of serum prohepcidin in the patients with <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated disease were higher than those in the uninfected adults. In the patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NG<\/jats:styled-content>, the serum prohepcidin levels were higher than those in the other <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected patient groups and decreased after the eradication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori\u2010<\/jats:italic>related iron\u2010deficiency state might be associated with several factors, such as hypochlorhydria and hepcidin, in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GHP<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NG<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T11:09:21Z","timestamp":1411643361000},"page":"11-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Relationship Between Iron Deficiency in Patients with <i>Helicobacter\u00a0Pylori<\/i>\u2010Infected Nodular Gastritis and the Serum Prohepcidin Level"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Azumaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syun\u2010ya","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Shioji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kawauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuuki","family":"Nishigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of endoscopy Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital Niigata 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