{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:32:43Z","timestamp":1790400763916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]],"date-time":"2015-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n en Salud, IMSS, Mexico","award":["G12\/1102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G12\/1102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The biliary tract cancer or cholangiocarcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCA<\/jats:styled-content>) represents the sixth leading cause of gastrointestinal tumors in the Western world, and mortality varies across the world, with regions such as Chile, Thailand, Japan, and northeastern India presenting the highest rates. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCA<\/jats:styled-content> may develop in the bile duct, gallbladder, or ampulla of Vater; and risk factors include obesity, parity, genetic background, geographical and environmental factors. Inflammation induced by bacterial infections might play a role in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCA<\/jats:styled-content>. In this work, we investigated whether there is an association between extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECCA<\/jats:styled-content>) and infection with <jats:italic>S.\u00a0typhi<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> H.\u00a0hepaticus,<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>H.\u00a0bilis<\/jats:italic> in a Mexican population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 194 patients were included and divided into 91 patients with benign biliary pathology (controls) and 103 with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECCA<\/jats:styled-content> (cases). Tumor samples were taken during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography by biliary brushing, followed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> extraction and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> testing for infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that 44\/103 cases were positive for <jats:italic>H.\u00a0bilis,<\/jats:italic> compared with 19\/91 controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.83, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.49\u20135.32), and when analyzed by sub\u2010site, <jats:italic>H.\u00a0bilis<\/jats:italic> infection was significantly more associated with cancer in the common bile duct (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0005; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.56, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.77\u20137.17). In contrast, <jats:italic>H.\u00a0hepaticus<\/jats:italic> infection was not different between cases (17\/103) and controls (13\/91) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.82; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.19, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.54\u20132.60). None of the samples were positive for <jats:italic>S.\u00a0typhi<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, infection with <jats:italic>H.\u00a0bilis<\/jats:italic> but neither <jats:italic>H.\u00a0Hepaticus<\/jats:italic> nor <jats:italic>S.\u00a0typhi<\/jats:italic> was significantly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECCA<\/jats:styled-content>, particularly with tumors located in the common bile duct.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]],"date-time":"2015-01-13T07:27:23Z","timestamp":1421134043000},"page":"223-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Infection with <i><scp>H<\/scp>elicobacter bilis<\/i> but not <i><scp>H<\/scp>elicobacter hepaticus<\/i> was Associated with Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Fany 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M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Le\u00f3n\u2010Carballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Endoscop\u00eda Digestiva ISSSTECH Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez Chiapas M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leoncio","family":"Guerrero\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Endoscop\u00eda Digestiva HGZ No. 35 IMSS Juarez Chihuahua M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Comparative Medicine Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas UMAE Pediatr\u00eda IMSS M\u00e9xico City DF 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