{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:20Z","timestamp":1787014280590,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]],"date-time":"2015-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Cancer Council of New South Wales, Australia","award":["66\/04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["66\/04"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Autophagy, a degradation pathway in which cytoplasmic content is engulfed and degraded by lysosomal hydrolases, plays a pivotal role in infection and inflammation. Given that defects in autophagy lead to increased susceptibility to infection, we investigated the role of autophagy in\n Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010related gastric cancer (\n GC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Gene expression of 84 molecules was examined through quantitative real\u2010time\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n in gastric epithelial cells (\n AGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and macrophages (\n THP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101) upon exposure to\n H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n GC<\/jats:styled-content>\n 026 (\n GC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and 26695 (gastritis). Further,\n \n ATG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 16L1\n <\/jats:italic>\n rs2241880,\n \n IRGM<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n rs13361189, and\n \n IRGM<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n rs4958847, polymorphisms that have been investigated in relation to\n H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n infection or\n GC<\/jats:styled-content>\n in Caucasians, were detected by\n MALDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n TOF<\/jats:styled-content>\n mass spectrometry in 304 ethnic Chinese (86 noncardia\n GC<\/jats:styled-content>\n cases\/218 functional dyspepsia controls).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Gene expression analyses showed twenty\u2010eight molecules involved in vesicle nucleation, elongation, and maturation to be significantly down\u2010regulated in\n H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n GC<\/jats:styled-content>\n 026\u2010challenged\n AGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n cells. Further, core autophagy proteins and autophagy regulators were differentially expressed in\n H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010challenged\n THP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\u2010derived macrophages. Analyses of the selected polymorphisms showed that\n \n ATG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 16L1\n <\/jats:italic>\n rs2241880 increased the risk of\n GC<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 2.38, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 1.34\u20134.24) and\n H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n infection (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 1.49, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 1.02\u20132.16) while\n \n IRGM<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n rs4958847 decreased\n GC<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 0.26, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 0.09\u20130.74) in ethnic Chinese, these effect sizes being especially strong in\n H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010infected individuals (\n \n ATG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 16L1\n <\/jats:italic>\n rs2241880 and\n \n IRGM<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n rs13361189).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Our findings indicate that highly virulent\n H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n strains markedly modulate autophagy in the host cell. Further, for the first time, autophagy polymorphisms were associated with\n GC<\/jats:styled-content>\n in Chinese, a high\n GC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010risk population.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]],"date-time":"2015-02-09T04:10:53Z","timestamp":1423455053000},"page":"353-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Autophagy in\n Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n Infection and Related Gastric Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Casta\u00f1o\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadeem O.","family":"Kaakoush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khean\u2010Lee","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwong Ming","family":"Fock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Changi General Hospital Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazel M.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide","author":"Ferlay J","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-492-0_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00885.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-003-0034-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00011-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-074948"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00524-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00020-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01085-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/0808-RM-252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Autophagy and cancer","volume":"44","author":"Choi KS","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-0648-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.1817"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-4009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2012.00602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.1.116-121.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01278-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-0881-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"1530","article-title":"Induction of maturation in cultured human monocytic leukemia cells by a phorbol diester","volume":"42","author":"Tsuchiya S","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.2008.ii37"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"The use of MassARRAY technology for high throughput genotyping","volume":"77","author":"Jurinke C","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"OethPB M BeaulieuM ParkC KosmanD del MistroG van den BoomD JurinkeC.iPLEX\u2122Assay: Increased Plexing Efficiency and Flexibility for MassARRAY System Through Single Base Primer Extension with Mass\u2010Modified Terminators. 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