{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:50:36Z","timestamp":1788573036331,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proton\u2010pump inhibitor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>) consumption does lead to false\u2010negative results of<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>elicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>diagnostic tests such as biopsy culture and rapid urease test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUT<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>elicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>isolates from 112 dyspeptic patients with (56.5%) or without (43.5%)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>consumption were recruited for examining the negative effects of omeprazole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OMP<\/jats:styled-content>), lansoprazole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPZ<\/jats:styled-content>), and pantoprazole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAN<\/jats:styled-content>) on<jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>viability, morphology, and urease, in\u00a0vitro. The effect of a sublethal concentration of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OMP<\/jats:styled-content>on bacterial features and their recovery after removal of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OMP<\/jats:styled-content>was also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 112 culture\u2010positive gastric biopsies, 87.5% were<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUT<\/jats:styled-content>positive and 12.5%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUT<\/jats:styled-content>negative. There was a significant correlation between negative<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUT<\/jats:styled-content>results and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>consumption (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05).<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OMP<\/jats:styled-content>(minimum inhibitory concentration,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>32\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPZ<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>8\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) inhibited the growth of 78.6% of<jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>isolates.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OMP<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPZ<\/jats:styled-content>inhibited urease of 90.3% of isolates between 0 and 40\u00a0minutes and 54.4% between 20 and 40\u00a0minutes, respectively.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAN<\/jats:styled-content>did not inhibit<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>growth and urease. Three 3\u2010day (9\u00a0days) consecutive subcultures of<jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>on brucella blood agar (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBA<\/jats:styled-content>) supplemented with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OMP<\/jats:styled-content>resulted in reduced bacterial viability (1+), compared with control (4+), change of spiral morphology to coccoid, and reduction in pink color intensity in urea agar. Bacterial growth (1+), morphology, and urease test did not improve after the first 3\u2010day and second 3\u2010day (6\u00a0days) subcultures on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBA<\/jats:styled-content>. However, relative recovery occurred after the third 3\u2010day (9\u00a0days) subculture and complete recovery was observed after the fourth 3\u2010day (12\u00a0days) subculture, as confluent growth (4+), 100% spiral cells, and strong urease test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proton\u2010pump Inhibitors exert transient negative effects on<jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>viability, morphology, and urease test. Accordingly, cessation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>consumption at least 12\u00a0days before endoscopy could help avoiding false\u2010negative results of<jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>diagnostic tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T10:05:20Z","timestamp":1438077920000},"page":"143-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Negative Effect of Proton\u2010pump Inhibitors (<scp>PPI<\/scp>s) on<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>Growth, Morphology, and Urease Test and Recovery after<scp>PPI<\/scp>Removal \u2013 An In vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Parastoo","family":"Saniee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Biology University College of Sciences University of Tehran 14176\u201014411 Tehran 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