{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T22:00:23Z","timestamp":1784757623771,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007073","name":"University of Mohaghegh Ardabili","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P\/T 204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P\/T 204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori vacA<\/jats:italic> genotypes play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe gastrointestinal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified a novel polymorphic site in the 3\u02b9\u2010end region of <jats:italic>H. pylori vacA<\/jats:italic> gene, denoted by c1\/\u2010c2 (c1: with deletion of 15 bp), and examined associations of this and the previous four sites as well as <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> status with gastroduodenal diseases, in a total of 217 Iranian <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> isolates. Histopathologic evaluations were performed and patients with gastric cancer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>) were further classified based on the anatomic site of tumor, including cardia and noncardia <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>, and the histopathologic type of tumor, including intestinal\u2010 and diffuse\u2010type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> m1, i1, d1, c1<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 4.29 (2.03\u20139.08), 6.11 (2.63\u201314.19), 3.18 (1.49\u20136.76), 15.13 (5.86\u201339.01), and 2.59 (1.09\u20136.12), respectively. The <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> c1 genotype had an increased age\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted risk for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content> by the multiple logistic regression analysis; the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> was 38.32 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 6.60\u2013222.29). This association was independent of and larger than the associations of the m\u2010, i\u2010, and d<jats:italic>\u2010<\/jats:italic>type of <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> status with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>. No significant correlation was found between s1, whether independently or in combination, and the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content> or peptic ulcer disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUD<\/jats:styled-content>). The <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> i1 and <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> genotypes were linked to an increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUD<\/jats:styled-content>; the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) was 2.80 (1.45\u20135.40) and 2.62 (1.23\u20135.61), respectively. The presence of both the <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> i1 and <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> genotypes further increased the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUD<\/jats:styled-content>; the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> was 5.20 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.92\u201314.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>H. pylori vacA<\/jats:italic> c1 genotype might therefore be one of the strongest risk predictors of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content> in male patients aged \u226555 in Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T12:28:48Z","timestamp":1448627328000},"page":"305-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Relevance of <i>Helicobacter pylori vac<\/i>A 3\u02b9\u2010end 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