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Antibiotic therapies remain the mainstay for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication; however, this strategy is hampered by the emergence and spread of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> antibiotic resistance. Exploring the mechanistic basis of this resistance is becoming one of the major research questions in contemporary biomedical research, as such knowledge could be exploited to devise novel rational avenues for counteracting the existing resistance and devising strategies to avoid the development of a novel anti\u2010<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> medication. Encouragingly, important progress in this field has been made recently. Here, we attempt to review the current state and progress with respect to the molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>. A picture is emerging in which mutations of various genes in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>, resulting in decreased membrane permeability, altered oxidation\u2013reduction potential, and a more efficient efflux pump system. The increased knowledge on these mechanisms produces hope that antibiotic resistance in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> can ultimately be countered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]],"date-time":"2016-01-29T10:15:00Z","timestamp":1454062500000},"page":"349-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> and Antibiotic Resistance, A Continuing and Intractable Problem"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210794519075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2012.00983.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. 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