{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:38:25Z","timestamp":1792042705069,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81370516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81370516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81201705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81201705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81402959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81402959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection is the main cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Tip\u2010<\/jats:italic>\u03b1 is a newly identified carcinogenic factor present in H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>. TRAF<\/jats:styled-content>3 can activate NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB by both canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. In this study, we found that the expression of TRAF<\/jats:styled-content>3 and NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB was upregulated, while microRNA\u20103178 (miR\u20103178) was decreased in H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive gastric tissues but not in H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010negative tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>GES<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells were incubated with 12.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL recombinant Tip\u2010\u03b1 (rT<\/jats:styled-content>ip\u2010\u03b1) in RPMI<\/jats:styled-content>1640 for 2\u00a0hours. After another 24\u00a0hours, the supernatant medium was designed as inflammatory\u2010conditioned medium (ICM<\/jats:styled-content>) and that from the untreated control cells was designed as untreated control medium. The release of proinflammatory cytokines from GES<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells and proliferation of gastric cancer cells was determined by ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> and CCK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 kits. Cells were transfected with the mimic, inhibitor, negative control of miR\u20103178, or TRAF<\/jats:styled-content>3 siRNA<\/jats:styled-content> control siRNA<\/jats:styled-content>. The medium was then replaced with RPMI<\/jats:styled-content>1640, 12.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL rT<\/jats:styled-content>ip\u2010\u03b1, and collected, and the total cellular RNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein were extracted for the following detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>MiR\u20103178 mimic prevented the increasement of TRAF<\/jats:styled-content>3 and hence decreased activation of NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB signals, whereas miR\u20103178 inhibitor could not, in GES<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells with Tip\u2010\u03b1 treatment. The condition medium from miR\u20103178 mimic transfected GES<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of inflammation\u2010related gastric cancer cells SGC<\/jats:styled-content>7901 and MGC<\/jats:styled-content>803 by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, which were secreted by GES<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Taken all together, Tip\u2010\u03b1 might activate NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB to promote inflammation and carcinogenesis by inhibiting miR\u20103178 expression, which directly targeting TRAF<\/jats:styled-content>3, during H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection in gastric mucosal epithelial cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T10:09:31Z","timestamp":1470391771000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["MicroRNA<\/scp>\u20103178 ameliorates inflammation\u00a0and\u00a0gastric carcinogenesis promoted by H<\/scp>elicobacter pylori<\/i> new\u00a0toxin,\u00a0Tip\u2010\u03b1, by targeting TRAF<\/scp>3"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Meijuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 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