{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:59:46Z","timestamp":1792425586610,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,10]],"date-time":"2017-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection in children differs from that in adults, from the point of view of epidemiology, host response, clinical features, related diseases, and diagnosis, as well as treatment strategies.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection, in both children and adults, is decreasing in the Western World as well as in some developing countries, which contrasts with the increase in childhood asthma and allergic diseases. Recurrent abdominal pain is not specific during <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection in children. The role of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and failure to thrive, children's growth, type I diabetes mellitus (T1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>) and celiac disease remains controversial.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The main initial diagnosis is based on upper digestive endoscopy with biopsy\u2010based methods. Nodular gastritis may be a pathognomonic endoscopic finding of childhood <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. The infection eradication control is based on validated noninvasive tests.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The main cause of treatment failure of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection is its clarithromycin resistance. We recommend standard antibiotic susceptibility testing of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> in pediatric patients prior to the initiation of eradication therapy. <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> treatment in children should be based on an evaluation of the rate of eradication in the local population, a systematic use of a treatment adapted to the susceptibility profile and a treatment compliance greater than 90%. The last meta\u2010analysis in children did not show an advantage for sequential therapy when compared to a 14\u2010day triple therapy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Finally, the high rate of antibiotic resistance responsible for therapy failure in recent years justifies the necessity of a novel vaccine to prevent <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T02:05:15Z","timestamp":1505095515000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> infection in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Kalach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Saint Antoine Paediatric Hospital Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital Groupement des H\u00f4pitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL) Catholic University of Lille  Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Bontems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josette","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Cochin Hospital Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP) University Paris Descartes  Paris 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