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However, the mechanism under which this adjuvant mounts the efficacy of orally administered vaccines remains unexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a prophylactic mice model to investigate the mechanism of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010adjuvanted vaccination. <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> urease\u2010specific antibody response was monitored and detected in murine serum by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>. Urease\u2010specific splenic cytokine profile was examined. Gastric inflammatory responses were measured on day 43 or 71 by quantitative real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, flow cytometry and histology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEM<\/jats:styled-content> enhanced the efficiency of oral <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> vaccine by promoting innate immunity. The vaccine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CUE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEM<\/jats:styled-content> composed of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEM<\/jats:styled-content> particles and recombinant antigen <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UE<\/jats:styled-content> provided protection of immunized mice against <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> insult. The protective response was associated with induction of postimmunization gastritis and local Th1\/Th17 cell\u2010medicated immune response. We showed that innate inflammatory responses including neutrophil chemokines <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>1\u20102, neutrophils, and antimicrobial proteins S100A8 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MUC<\/jats:styled-content>1 were significantly elevated. Within all infected mice, S100A8 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MUC<\/jats:styled-content>1 levels were negatively correlated with <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> burden. Strikingly, mice receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEM<\/jats:styled-content> also show reduction of colonization, possibly through natural host response pathways to recruit <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and promote S100A8 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based vaccine may impact Th1\/Th17 immunity to orchestrate innate immune response against <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T11:42:41Z","timestamp":1502710961000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Nongenetically modified <i>Lactococcus lactis<\/i>\u2010adjuvanted vaccination enhanced innate immunity against 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