{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:31:25Z","timestamp":1768469485831,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]],"date-time":"2017-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Center for Health and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>While gastrointestinal function is known to be closely related to psychological status, the influence of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated atrophic gastritis is currently unknown. We aimed to determine whether atrophic gastritis status or <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection is associated with psychological distress or depressed mood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a cross\u2010sectional, observational study involving 975 Japanese individuals (503 females; mean age, 44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08\u00a0years) who underwent a health checkup. Psychological distress was defined as a Kessler\u20106 Scale score \u226513 and depressive mood as a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score\u00a0\u2265\u00a016. The odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals assessing the risk of psychological distress or depressive mood associated with <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection (<jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific immunoglobulin G levels &gt;10\u00a0U\/mL) and atrophic gastritis status (pepsinogen I levels\u00a0&lt;\u00a070\u00a0\u03bcg\/L and pepsinogen I\/II ratio\u00a0&lt;\u00a03) were calculated using multiple logistic analysis adjusting for several covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with atrophic gastritis had a significantly higher risk of experiencing psychological distress, with younger females (&lt;50\u00a0years) displaying the highest risk for psychological distress and depressive mood regardless of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection status. Among females aged &lt;50\u00a0years, <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010seropositive participants with atrophic gastritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HP<\/jats:styled-content>+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AG<\/jats:styled-content>+) showed the highest risk of psychological distress (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>, 16.4; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 3.45\u201094.9) and depression (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>, 2.86; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.31\u20106.05), using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 status as the reference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings support the results of previous animal studies regarding the psychological response to gastritis in humans. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication provides psychological benefits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]],"date-time":"2017-10-16T08:58:24Z","timestamp":1508144304000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Psychological effects of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\u2010associated atrophic gastritis in patients under 50\u00a0years: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4202-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Takeoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and Community Medicine Nagasaki University  Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Takeoka Hospital  Saga 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