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Besides, chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis are extremely widespread over the world, which are considered as high health\u2010care cost burdens of digestive diseases. Epidemiologic evidence on\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in gallbladder increasing the risk of biliary diseases has been contradictory.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Conduct a meta\u2010analysis of overall studies and investigate an association between\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection of the gallbladder with chronic cholecystitis\/cholelithiasis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used PubMed,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and Cochrane library databases to identify all published studies before August 2017. Pooled odds ratios (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) were obtained using the random effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity, and stratified analyses were also performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighteen studies involving 1544 participants and 1061 biliary cases with chronic cholecystitis\/cholelithiasis were included.\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection of the gallbladder was significantly associated with an increased risk of chronic cholecystitis and cholecystitis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03.022; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 1.897\u20104.815; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a020.1%). In addition, country\u2010based subgroup analysis also showed a positive association between\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      positivity and chronic cholecystitis\/cholelithiasis risk. The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) for Asian and non\u2010Asian region studies were 3.75 (1.83\u20107.71) and 2.25 (1.29\u20103.89), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This meta\u2010analysis suggests that infection of the gallbladder with\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      is closely related to an increased risk of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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