{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:53:34Z","timestamp":1761630814100,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinica Medica"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Celiac disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>) occurs in subjects positive for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DQ<\/jats:styled-content>2 and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DQ<\/jats:styled-content>8 gene loci at any age following ingestion of gluten\u2010containing food. An increased permeability of the mucosa allows interactions between gliadin macromolecules and genetic factors. It has been observed that <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> has the ability to modulate the integrity of the duodenal epithelium. We aimed to determine whether <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection may enhance the occurrence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> in genetically susceptible subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective observational study. Patients undergoing upper endoscopy for any reason and positive for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DQ<\/jats:styled-content>2 and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DQ<\/jats:styled-content>8 haplotypes with or without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> were included. <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was defined as a positive gastric histopathology and\/or 13C\u2010urea breath test. Prevalence of infection was compared between enrolled subjects with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>. Multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting odds ratios for patient age, gender, smoking habit, residency, body mass index, and assumption of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s) and proton\u2010pump inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s) were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 397 genetically susceptible individuals (mean age: 37.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.3\u00a0years; 86% women) were enrolled between October 2014 and October 2017. There were 265 (68%) patients with a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>. Overall, the prevalence of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was 33% and was similar in patients with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> (32% vs 36%). Adjustment for all covariates did not reveal any significant association, although adjusted odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> was higher in female (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.302), in patients <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> positive (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.277), followed by use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.126), respectively. The use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s appeared to be mildly protective against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.644).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study did not reveal any significant relationship between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> risk, even taking into account other confounders. More importantly, our findings do not support a \u201cprotective\u201d role of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>, as previously reported. Therefore, there are no reasons to avoid eradication of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> also in subject genetically susceptible for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T11:56:28Z","timestamp":1516276588000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> infection and occurrence of celiac disease in subjects <scp>HLA<\/scp>\u2010<scp>DQ<\/scp>2\/<scp>DQ<\/scp>8 positive: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria P.","family":"Dore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX 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