{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T18:02:28Z","timestamp":1768413748253,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Efficacy of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication therapy depends on the chance of having a resistant <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> strain, which is ultimately related to the local antimicrobial resistance epidemiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> resistance to clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and tetracycline in adult patients in the Smolensk region of Russian Federation over a 9\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biopsy samples were taken from the gastric antrum and body of 573 and 210 patients with dyspepsia symptoms and positive rapid urease test during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 2015\u20102017 and 2009\u20102010, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and tetracycline by the agar dilution method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 143 strains of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> isolated during 2015\u20102017 and 133 strains isolated during 2009\u20102010 were tested. Culture success rates were 30% vs 64% for the two periods. Over the 2015\u20102017, the prevalence of resistance to clarithromycin was 6.3%, to amoxicillin 1.4%, to metronidazole 23.8%, to levofloxacin 24.5%, and to tetracycline 0.7%. Over the 2009\u20102010, the corresponding resistance rates were 5.3%, 4.5%, 3.8%, 8.3%, and 0%, respectively. There were no significant increases in resistance to clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;\u00a00.05) over the 9\u00a0years period. Significant increase in resistance to levofloxacin (8.3% in 2009\u20102010% vs 24.5% in 2015\u20102017, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01) and metronidazole (3.8% in 2009\u20102010% vs 23.8% in 2015\u20102017, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01) was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> resistance to clarithromycin remained low in the Smolensk region of Russian Federation between 2009 and 2017. Resistance to levofloxacin and metronidazole increased between 2009 and 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T07:08:47Z","timestamp":1539673727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> isolates in the Smolensk region of Russian Federation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6144-3919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Dekhnich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smolensk State Medical University Smolensk Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Ivanchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smolensk State Medical University Smolensk 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