{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:07:29Z","timestamp":1770883649868,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori <\/jats:italic>antimicrobial resistance is gradually increasing around the world. However, there are a limited number of studies reporting on this issue in the pediatric population. In this study, we aimed to determine <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones in the pediatric patients living in K\u0131r\u0131kkale province that were detected with <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> in gastric biopsies. Moreover, we also aimed to investigate the concordance between the histopathologic and molecular methods used in the diagnosis of <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients aged 2\u201018\u00a0years who had a history of epigastric pain and\/or nausea persisting for longer than 1\u00a0month underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsies were taken from the gastric antral mucosa. In the samples detected with <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> in the histopathologic examination, the presence of <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones was investigated using the GenoType HelicoDR test which allows the detection of wild\u2010type and mutant genes. The strains detected with more than one mutant gene are defined as hetero\u2010resistant strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 93 patients that underwent DNA extraction and amplification included 68 (73.1%) girls and 25 (26.9%) boys with a median age of 15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.62 (range 6\u201017) years. The overall concordance for the diagnosis of <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection between histopathology and PCR was 94%, and <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones was 27% and 15%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones among the pediatric patients in our region implicates that the antibiotic sensitivity of strains should be studied prior to administration in accordance with the recommendations provided in the guidelines. Moreover, the presence of hetero\u2010resistant strains in our patients may be a reason for treatment failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]],"date-time":"2019-04-06T00:00:29Z","timestamp":1554508829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones in a pediatric population in Turkey: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5142-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu","family":"G\u00fcven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Department Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l University Medical School Van 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