{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:02:05Z","timestamp":1791061325514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant for the Global Core Research Center (GCRC), funded by the Korean government","award":["2011-0030001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011-0030001"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korea Government","award":["2014R1A5A2010008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014R1A5A2010008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobial resistance of\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) affects the efficacy of eradication therapy. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of primary and secondary resistance of\n                      <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates to antibiotics in Korea.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study was performed from 2003 to 2018. Primary resistance was evaluated in 591 patients without any history of eradication and secondary resistance in 149 patients from whom\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      was cultured after failure of eradication. A minimal inhibitory concentration test was performed for amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, levofloxacin, and rifabutin using the agar dilution method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An increase in the primary resistance rate was found in clarithromycin (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), metronidazole (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), and both levofloxacin (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) during the study period. The primary resistance rates of amoxicillin and tetracycline were low and stable during the study period. The secondary resistance rate significantly increased in metronidazole and levofloxacin (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.022 and .039, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The primary and secondary resistance rates of clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin for\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Korea were high and increased over time. However, the primary and secondary resistance rates of amoxicillin and tetracycline were low and stable over time. These results will help in selecting effective eradication regimens of\n                      <jats:italic>H\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Korea in the future.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T03:58:50Z","timestamp":1568174330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Primary and secondary antibiotic resistance of\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    in Korea from 2003 to 2018"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0021-5354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju Yup","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seoungnam South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal 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Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seoungnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Samsung Changwon Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Changwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6376-410X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seoungnam South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul South 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