{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:34:54Z","timestamp":1761514494639,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92\u20106798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92\u20106798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> plays a critical role in the development of stomach cancer, especially in people affected by the bacteria at an early stage of life. Th9 cells and IL\u20109 play major roles in immune responses against various infections. IL\u20109 is influential in chronic or acute inflammation of the mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study seeks to investigate the possible functions of Tc9, Th9 cells, and IL\u20109 level in patients with inflammation due to <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010three patients with dyspepsia symptoms and twenty normal subjects with no sign and symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited. Frequencies of T\u2010cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines IL\u20109 family in the sera and supernatants of antigen\u2010activated PBMCs patients were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The participants included 56 females and 47 males with a mean age of 39.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.3\u00a0years. We assigned the infected group into peptic ulcer and gastritis (chronic active and chronic). Frequencies of Tc9, Th17, Tc17, Th17\/9, and Tc17\/9 increased significantly in the peptic ulcer, chronic active, and chronic gastritis, compared with the uninfected and healthy control groups. A significant increase was seen in IL\u20109, IL\u20104, and IL\u201023 in the chronic active gastritis. Further observed was a significant increase in IL\u201021 and a decrease in IL\u201010 in the infected groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results revealed that increased Tc9, Th17\/9, and Tc17\/9 cells appear to be influential in the progression and severity of <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Also, increased IL\u20109 and IL\u20104 levels and Tc9, Tc17\/9, and Th17\/9 were seen in chronic active gastritis patients. These findings may provide useful information for a therapeutic targeting of chronic active <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T11:14:10Z","timestamp":1575544450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Significance of TC9 and TH9 in <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\u2010induced gastritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8624-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyedeh Azra","family":"Shamsdin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterohepatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5799-0987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdolvahab","family":"Alborzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0849-3375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Ghaderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research Shiraz University of Medical Science Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7524-9017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamran B.","family":"Lankrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterohepatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Science Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8676-4607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gholam reza","family":"Pouladfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.55.2.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2011.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/mejdd.2017.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(05)70139-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000446317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2017.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9487-9_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1003307","article-title":"IL\u20109 promotes Th17 cell migration into the central nervous system via CC chemokine ligand\u201020 produced by astrocytes","author":"Zhou Y","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6877-0_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031710"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2016-204110"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"5263","article-title":"Changes in levels of IL\u20109, IL\u201017, IFN\u2010\u03b3, dendritic cell numbers and TLR expression in peripheral blood in asthmatic children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection","volume":"8","author":"Shao L","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M600170-MCP200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12224"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3007828"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WeigmannB NeurathMF.Th9 cells in inflammatory bowel diseases. 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